The adequate management of cardiovascular diseases remains one of the major challenges of modern medicine. Nanomaterials may offer new and unique treatment opportunities that transcend the shortcomings of currently available therapies. Conventional administration of drugs is mainly based on the systemic delivery of therapeutic molecules, often leading to their non-specific distribution throughout the body, decreasing their efficacy and sometimes resulting in deleterious side effects. Through the precise control of the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, such as size, drug loading and surface functionalization, nanoencapsulation of select therapeutic agents may enhance drug delivery and release at the sites of disease, ultimately increasing their effectiveness. Different biomaterials loaded with therapeutic drugs have been engineered for cardiovascular nanotherapy and evaluated in preclinical models. This review highlights how nanomedicines ( i.e. , nanoparticles and drugs) offer interesting perspectives in the treatment of atherosclerosis and heart ischemia, potentially affording new tools in the fight against cardiovascular diseases.

中文翻译：

---

纳米管道工：生物材料对抗心血管疾病

心血管疾病的充分管理仍然是现代医学的主要挑战之一。纳米材料可以提供新的和独特的治疗机会，超越目前可用疗法的缺点。药物的常规给药主要基于治疗分子的全身递送，通常导致它们在全身的非特异性分布，降低它们的功效并且有时导致有害的副作用。通过精确控制纳米材料的物理化学特性，例如尺寸、载药量和表面功能化，选择治疗剂的纳米封装可以增强疾病部位的药物递送和释放，最终提高其有效性。载有治疗药物的不同生物材料已被设计用于心血管纳米治疗，并在临床前模型中进行评估。这篇综述强调了纳米药物（即纳米粒子和药物）如何在动脉粥样硬化和心脏缺血的治疗中提供有趣的观点，有可能为抗击心血管疾病提供新的工具。