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A multi evaporator desalination system operated with thermocline energy for future sustainability
Desalination ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2017.04.013
Muhammad Wakil Shahzad , Muhammad Burhan , Noreddine Ghaffour , Kim Choon Ng

Abstract All existing commercial seawater desalination processes, i.e. thermally-driven and membrane-based reverse osmosis (RO), are operated with universal performance ratios (UPR) varying up to 105, whilst the UPR for an ideal or thermodynamic limit (TL) of desalination is at 828. Despite slightly better UPRs for the RO plants, all practical desalination plants available, hitherto, operate at only less than 12% of the TL, rendering them highly energy intensive and unsustainable for future sustainability. More innovative desalination methods must be sought to meet the needs of future sustainable desalination and these methods should attain an upper UPR bound of about 25 to 30% of the TL. In this paper, we examined the efficacy of a multi-effect distillation (MED) system operated with thermocline energy from the sea; a proven desalination technology that can exploit the narrow temperature gradient of 20 °C all year round created between the warm surface seawater and the cold-seawater at depths of about 300–600 m. Such a seawater thermocline (ST)-driven MED system, simply called the ST-MED process, has the potential to achieve up to 2 folds improvement in desalination efficiency over the existing methods, attaining about 18.8% of the ideal limit. With the major energy input emanated from the renewable solar, the ST-MED is truly a “green desalination” method of low global warming potential, best suited for tropical coastal shores having bathymetry depths of 300 m or more.

中文翻译:

使用温跃层能源运行的多蒸发器脱盐系统,以实现未来的可持续性

摘要 所有现有的商业海水淡化工艺,即热驱动和基于膜的反渗透 (RO),都以高达 105 的通用性能比 (UPR) 运行,而理想或热力学极限 (TL) 的普遍性能比 (UPR)是 828。尽管 RO 工厂的 UPR 略好一些,但迄今为止,所有可用的实际海水淡化厂的运行速度仅为 TL 的 12% 以下,使它们高度能源密集且不可持续,无法满足未来的可持续性发展。必须寻求更具创新性的海水淡化方法,以满足未来可持续海水淡化的需求,这些方法的 UPR 上限应约为 TL 的 25% 至 30%。在本文中,我们研究了使用海洋温跃层能量运行的多效蒸馏 (MED) 系统的功效;一种经过验证的海水淡化技术,可以利用约 300-600 m 深度的暖表层海水和冷海水之间形成的全年 20 °C 的狭窄温度梯度。这种由海水温跃层 (ST) 驱动的 MED 系统,简称为 ST-MED 工艺,与现有方法相比,有可能将海水淡化效率提高 2 倍,达到理想极限的 18.8% 左右。由于主要能源来自可再生太阳能,ST-MED 确实是一种全球变暖潜势较低的“绿色海水淡化”方法,最适合水深 300 m 或以上的热带沿海海岸。这种由海水温跃层 (ST) 驱动的 MED 系统,简称为 ST-MED 工艺,与现有方法相比,有可能将海水淡化效率提高 2 倍,达到理想极限的 18.8% 左右。由于主要能源来自可再生太阳能,ST-MED 确实是一种全球变暖潜势较低的“绿色海水淡化”方法,最适合水深 300 m 或以上的热带沿海海岸。这种由海水温跃层 (ST) 驱动的 MED 系统,简称为 ST-MED 工艺,与现有方法相比,有可能将海水淡化效率提高 2 倍,达到理想极限的 18.8% 左右。由于主要能源来自可再生太阳能,ST-MED 确实是一种全球变暖潜势较低的“绿色海水淡化”方法,最适合水深 300 m 或以上的热带沿海海岸。
更新日期:2018-06-01
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