Chemistry-based bioimaging techniques have contributed to the elucidation of intracellular physiological events. During the last few decades, many fluorescent sensors have been developed and used in live cell experiments. Owing to immense efforts by numerous research groups, several strategies have been developed to design fluorescent sensors based on various components such as small molecules and fluorescent proteins. Recently, site-specific targeting of fluorescent sensors has attracted increasing attention. Strategies for fluorescent sensor targeting were surveyed in this review with the aims to expand current knowledge on chemistry-based bioimaging and aid in the emergence of related innovative technologies. The first discussed strategy is based on the intrinsic properties of small molecules for localization at specific organelles, such as mitochondria, nuclei, and lysosomes. As a further elaboration of the topic, our recent study about in vivo targeting of pH sensors was briefly introduced. The second strategy exploits genetically encoded tags and their specific ligands. Here, fluorescent sensors with commercially available tags and corresponding ligands were mainly reviewed. As the final topic, our original protein labeling technique, which enables fluorogenic labeling as an advanced technology, was introduced.

基于化学的生物成像技术有助于阐明细胞内生理事件。在过去的几十年中，已经开发了许多荧光传感器并将其用于活细胞实验中。由于众多研究小组的巨大努力，已经开发了几种策略来设计基于各种成分（例如小分子和荧光蛋白）的荧光传感器。近来，荧光传感器的针对特定部位的靶向吸引了越来越多的关注。在本综述中，针对荧光传感器的靶向策略进行了调查，目的是扩大基于化学的生物成像的当前知识，并协助相关创新技术的出现。首先讨论的策略是基于小分子的固有特性，用于定位在特定的细胞器上，例如线粒体，细胞核和溶酶体。作为对该主题的进一步阐述，我们简要介绍了有关pH传感器在体内靶向的最新研究。第二种策略利用遗传编码的标签及其特定配体。在这里，主要审查具有商业上可获得的标签和相应的配体的荧光传感器。作为最后一个主题，我们介绍了我们最初的蛋白质标记技术，该技术使荧光标记成为一项先进技术。