In living organisms, many biological processes are inextricably linked with light, such as the photosynthesis systems and rhodopsin. Hence, construction of light-sensitive biomimetic-nanochannels, which can realize the functions of cells and other membrane structures with high degree of spatial and temporal control, is particularly attractive and challenging. As a cornerstone of light-sensitive nanochannels, the photoresponsive materials are a big family and at their mature stage after several decades of development, which can provide different strategies to construct biomimetic photoresponsive nanochannels. In this review, we mainly summarize the construction and applications of photoresponsive nanochannels on the basis of various photoresponsive materials. The construction of photoresponsive nanochannels can be classified into four categories: photoresponsive inorganic nanochannels based on inorganic-compound-based photonic sensitive materials; photoresponsive organic nanochannels based on organic-compound-based photonic sensitive materials; photoresponsive polymers nanochannel based on photoresponsive polymers materials and potential photoresponsive nanochannels based on other photoresponsive materials. After introducing the construction of photoresponsive nanochannels, the review highlights some of the most recent applications of photoresponsive nanochannels in separation, energy conversion and storage, drug delivery and so on.

在活生物体中，许多生物过程与光有着千丝万缕的联系，例如光合作用系统和视紫红质。因此，能够以高度的空间和时间控制实现细胞和其他膜结构功能的光敏仿生纳米通道的构建是特别有吸引力和具有挑战性的。作为光敏纳米通道的基石，光响应材料是一个大家族，经过几十年的发展，处于成熟阶段，可以提供构建仿生光响应纳米通道的不同策略。在这篇综述中，我们主要总结了基于各种光响应材料的光响应纳米通道的构建和应用。光响应纳米通道的构建可分为四类：基于无机化合物的光子敏感材料的光响应性无机纳米通道；基于有机化合物的光子敏感材料的光响应性有机纳米通道；基于光敏聚合物材料的光敏聚合物纳米通道和基于其他光敏材料的潜在光敏纳米通道。在介绍了光响应性纳米通道的构造后，本综述重点介绍了光响应性纳米通道在分离，能量转换和存储，药物输送等方面的最新应用。基于光敏聚合物材料的光敏聚合物纳米通道和基于其他光敏材料的潜在光敏纳米通道。在介绍了光响应性纳米通道的构造后，本综述重点介绍了光响应性纳米通道在分离，能量转换和存储，药物输送等方面的最新应用。基于光敏聚合物材料的光敏聚合物纳米通道和基于其他光敏材料的潜在光敏纳米通道。在介绍了光响应性纳米通道的构造后，本综述重点介绍了光响应性纳米通道在分离，能量转换和存储，药物输送等方面的最新应用。