Abstract Depletion of fossil fuel resources and stringent emission mandates has spurred the search for improved diesel engines performance and cleaner combustion. One of the best approaches to solve these issues is to use biodiesel/diesel additives. The effects of biodiesel/diesel additives on the performance and emissions of diesel engines were comprehensively reviewed throughout this article. The additives reviewed herein were classified into five categories, i.e., oxygenated additives, metallic and non-metallic based additives, water, antioxidants, and polymeric-based additives. The effects of each category on the engine performance (i.e., brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) and brake thermal efficiency (bte)) and emissions (i.e., CO, NO x , HC, and PM) were exclusively summarized and discussed. Furthermore, various strategies used for adding water like water-diesel emulsion, direct water injection, and adding water into the inlet manifold were illustrated and their pros and cons were completely scrutinized. Finally, opportunities and limitations of each additive considering both engine performance and combustion benignity were outlined to guide future research and development in the domain.

中文翻译：

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添加剂对柴油机稳态运行性能和排放特性的影响

摘要 化石燃料资源的枯竭和严格的排放要求促使人们寻求提高柴油发动机的性能和更清洁的燃烧。解决这些问题的最佳方法之一是使用生物柴油/柴油添加剂。本文全面回顾了生物柴油/柴油添加剂对柴油发动机性能和排放的影响。本文综述的添加剂分为五类，即含氧添加剂、金属和非金属基添加剂、水、抗氧化剂和聚合物基添加剂。专门总结和讨论了每个类别对发动机性能（即制动比燃料消耗 (bsfc) 和制动热效率 (bte)）和排放（即 CO、NO x 、HC 和 PM）的影响。此外，举例说明了用于加水的各种策略，如水柴油乳液、直接注水和向进气歧管加水，并全面审查了它们的优缺点。最后，概述了考虑发动机性能和燃烧良性的每种添加剂的机会和局限性，以指导该领域的未来研究和开发。