Phosphoglycosyl transferases (PGTs) initiate the biosynthesis of both essential and virulence-associated bacterial glycoconjugates including lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and glycoproteins. PGTs catalyze the transfer of a phosphosugar moiety from a nucleoside diphosphate sugar to a polyprenol phosphate, to form a membrane-bound polyprenol diphosphosugar product. PGTs are integral membrane proteins, which include between 1 and 11 predicted transmembrane domains. Despite this variation, common motifs have been identified in PGT families through bioinformatics and mutagenesis studies. Bacterial PGTs represent important antibacterial and virulence targets due to their significant role in initiating the biosynthesis of key bacterial glycoconjugates. Considerable effort has gone into mechanistic and inhibition studies for this class of enzymes, both of which depend on reliable, high-throughput assays for easy quantification of activity. This review summarizes recent advances made in the characterization of this challenging but important class of enzymes.

中文翻译：

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细菌磷酸糖基转移酶：膜界面上聚糖生物合成的引发剂

磷酸糖基转移酶（PGT）引发必需和与毒性相关的细菌糖结合物（包括脂多糖，肽聚糖和糖蛋白）的生物合成。PGT催化磷酸糖部分从核苷二磷酸糖转移至聚戊二烯磷酸酯，以形成膜结合的聚戊二烯二磷酸糖产物。PGT是完整的膜蛋白，其包括1至11个预测的跨膜结构域。尽管存在这种差异，但通过生物信息学和诱变研究已在PGT家族中鉴定出常见的基序。细菌PGT由于其在启动关键细菌糖缀合物的生物合成中的重要作用而代表重要的抗菌和毒力靶标。这类酶的机理和抑制研究投入了大量精力，两者均依赖可靠，高通量的分析方法来轻松量化活性。这篇综述总结了表征这种具有挑战性但重要的酶的最新进展。