In the past decade, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a new class of highly ordered crystalline organic porous polymers. They have attracted tremendous research interest because of their unique structures and potential applications in gas storage and separation, energy storage, catalysis and optoelectronic materials development. Although the skeletons and pore structures of COFs are customizable through judicious selection of chemical building blocks, COF materials have been mainly limited to uniform pore structures with homogeneous pore environments. Two-dimensional COFs with complex multipore structures are largely unexplored, perhaps owing to the challenges that are inherent in designing selective syntheses. Simple tessellation has been remarkably successful in the preparation of regular 2D COFs, but building multiporous systems requires the aid of mathematical design. In this Perspective, we discuss four different approaches to tessellated 2D COFS with a focus on the mathematical rules for their application. A comparison of these strategies should provide guidance to those designing new applications of COF materials.

在过去的十年中，共价有机骨架（COF）作为一类新的高度有序的结晶有机多孔聚合物出现了。由于它们独特的结构以及在气体存储和分离，能量存储，催化和光电材料开发中的潜在应用，它们吸引了巨大的研究兴趣。尽管可以通过明智地选择化学构造单元来定制COF的骨架和孔结构，但COF材料主要限于具有均匀孔环境的均匀孔结构。具有复杂的多孔结构的二维COF很大程度上尚未得到开发，这可能是由于设计选择性合成所固有的挑战所致。在常规2D COF的制备中，简单的细分已经非常成功，但是构建多孔系统需要借助数学设计。在此“透视图”中，我们讨论了细分2D COFS的四种不同方法，重点是其应用的数学规则。这些策略的比较应该为那些设计COF材料新应用的人们提供指导。