The recent advent of acoustic metamaterials has initiated a strong revival of interest on the subject of sound absorption. The present review is based on the physics perspective as the coherent basis of this diverse field. For conventional absorbers, viscous dissipation and heat conduction at the fluid-solid interface, when expressed through micro-geometric parameters, yield an effective medium description of porous media and micro-perforated panels as effectual sound absorbers. Local resonances and their geometric and symmetry constraints serve as the framework for surveying a variety of acoustic metamaterial absorbers that can realize previously unattainable absorption spectra with subwavelength-scale structures. These structures include decorated membrane resonators, degenerate resonators, hybrid resonators, and coiled Fabry-Perot and Helmholtz resonators. As the acoustic response of any structure or material must obey the causality principle, the implied constraint—which relates the absorption spectru...

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吸声结构：从多孔介质到声学超材料

最近声学超材料的出现引发了对吸声主题的强烈兴趣。本综述基于物理学视角，作为这一多样化领域的连贯基础。对于传统的吸声体，流体-固体界面处的粘性耗散和热传导，当通过微观几何参数表示时，产生多孔介质和微穿孔板作为有效吸声体的有效介质描述。局部共振及其几何和对称约束可作为调查各种声学超材料吸收器的框架，这些吸收器可以实现以前无法实现的亚波长结构吸收光谱。这些结构包括装饰膜谐振器、简并谐振器、混合谐振器、和线圈法布里-珀罗和亥姆霍兹谐振器。由于任何结构或材料的声学响应都必须遵循因果关系原理，隐含的约束——它与吸收光谱有关……