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Extracellular Heme Uptake and the Challenge of Bacterial Cell Membranes
Annual Review of Biochemistry ( IF 12.1 ) Pub Date : 2017-06-27 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014214
Weiliang Huang 1 , Angela Wilks 1
Affiliation  

Iron is essential for the survival of most bacteria but presents a significant challenge given its limited bioavailability. Furthermore, the toxicity of iron combined with the need to maintain physiological iron levels within a narrow concentration range requires sophisticated systems to sense, regulate, and transport iron. Most bacteria have evolved mechanisms to chelate and transport ferric iron (Fe3+) via siderophore receptor systems, and pathogenic bacteria have further lowered this barrier by employing mechanisms to utilize the host's hemoproteins. Once internalized, heme is cleaved by both oxidative and nonoxidative mechanisms to release iron. Heme, itself a lipophilic and toxic molecule, presents a significant challenge for transport into the cell. As such, pathogenic bacteria have evolved sophisticated cell surface signaling and transport systems to obtain heme from the host. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of the heme-sensing and transport systems of pathogenic bacteria and the potential of these systems as antimicrobial targets.

中文翻译:


细胞外血红素的摄取和细菌细胞膜的挑战

铁对于大多数细菌的生存是必不可少的,但是由于其有限的生物利用度,铁面临着巨大挑战。此外,铁的毒性以及将生理性铁水平维持在狭窄浓度范围内的需要,需要复杂的系统来感应,调节和运输铁。大多数细菌已经进化出螯合和运输三价铁(Fe 3+)通过铁载体受体系统,病原菌通过利用利用宿主血红蛋白的机制进一步降低了这一障碍。内化后,血红素可通过氧化和非氧化机制裂解以释放铁。血红素本身是一种亲脂性和毒性分子,对于转运进入细胞提出了重大挑战。这样,致病细菌已经进化出复杂的细胞表面信号传导和转运系统,以从宿主获得血红素。在这篇综述中,我们总结了病原细菌血红素传感和运输系统的结构和功能,以及这些系统作为抗菌目标的潜力。

更新日期:2017-06-27
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