There is a growing mortality related to co-morbidities associated with diabetes mellitus. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been associated with low cardiometabolic risk and reduction of inflammatory process. The objective of this paper is to review the impact of PUFA intake on glycemic control in diabetic patients as well as to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved. Medline/PubMed electronic database was searched to identify studies published within last five years regarding the effect of PUFA intake on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetics. The search terms used were “polyunsaturated fatty acid(s),” “PUFA,” and “diabetes.” We included only interventional studies that assessed the effects of PUFA intake on glucose metabolism – fasting glucose, serum insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR assessment– in type 2 diabetics. Initially, 48 articles were identified, of which one was not available and 41 did not match the inclusion criteria. Within the selected studies, three articles showed an improvement in fasting blood glucose, two showed an increase in fasting glycemia, and there was no effect of intervention in one article only. Based on the analyzed clinical interventional studies, supplementation of 0.42–5.2-g PUFA/day for at least eight weeks may become an alternative treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in Asian subjects.

与糖尿病相关的合并症相关的死亡率正在增加。摄入多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）与降低心脏代谢风险和减少炎症过程有关。本文的目的是回顾PUFA摄入量对糖尿病患者血糖控制的影响，并阐明可能的机制。搜索Medline / PubMed电子数据库，以鉴定过去五年内发表的有关PUFA摄入对2型糖尿病患者葡萄糖代谢的影响的研究。使用的搜索词是“多不饱和脂肪酸”，“ PUFA”和“糖尿病”。我们仅纳入了评估2型糖尿病患者摄入PUFA对葡萄糖代谢的影响的干预性研究-空腹血糖，血清胰岛素，HbA1c和HOMA-IR评估。最初，确定了48篇文章，其中一篇不可用，有41篇不符合纳入标准。在选定的研究中，三篇文章显示了空腹血糖的改善，两篇文章显示了空腹血糖的增加，仅一篇文章没有干预的效果。根据已分析的临床干预研究，每天补充0.42-5.2-g PUFA，至少八周，可能成为2型糖尿病的替代疗法，尤其是在亚洲受试者中。