The field of aero-optics is devoted to the study of the effects of turbulent flow fields on laser beams projected from airborne laser systems. This article reviews the early and present periods of research in aero-optics. Both periods generated impressive amounts of research activity; however, the types and amount of data differ greatly in accuracy, quality, and type owing to the development of new types of instrumentation available to collect and analyze the aberrated wave fronts of otherwise collimated laser beams projected through turbulent compressible flow fields of the type that form over beam directors. This review traces the activities and developments associated with both periods but particularly focuses on the development of modern high-bandwidth wave-front sensors used in the present research period. We describe how these modern wave-front data are collected and analyzed and the fluid mechanic information that can be gleaned from them; the use of these data in the fundamental study of turbulenc...

中文翻译：

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航空光学效应的物理学和测量：过去和现在

航空光学领域致力于研究湍流场对机载激光系统投射的激光束的影响。本文回顾了航空光学研究的早期和现在。这两个时期都产生了大量的研究活动；然而，数据的类型和数量在准确性、质量和类型上有很大差异，这是因为开发了新型仪器，可用于收集和分析通过湍流可压缩流场投射的其他准直激光束的畸变波前在光束导向器上形成。本综述追溯了与这两个时期相关的活动和发展，但特别关注当前研究时期使用的现代高带宽波前传感器的发展。我们描述了如何收集和分析这些现代波前数据以及可以从中收集到的流体力学信息；这些数据在湍流基础研究中的使用...