Colorectal cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and fourth-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While cancer is largely considered to be a disease of genetic and environmental factors, increasing evidence has demonstrated a role for the microbiota (the microorganisms associated with the human body) in shaping inflammatory environments and promoting tumor growth and spread. Herein, we discuss both human data from meta'omics analyses and data from mechanistic studies in cell culture and animal models that support specific bacterial agents as potentiators of tumorigenesis—including Fusobacterium nucleatum, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and colibactin-producing Escherichia coli. Further, we consider how microbes can be used in diagnosing colorectal cancer and manipulating the tumor environment to encourage better patient outcomes in response to immunotherapy treatments.

中文翻译：

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肠道菌群，炎症和大肠癌

结直肠癌是美国癌症相关死亡的第二大原因，也是全球癌症相关死亡的第四大原因。虽然癌症在很大程度上被认为是遗传和环境因素的疾病，但越来越多的证据表明微生物群（与人体相关的微生物）在塑造炎症环境和促进肿瘤生长和扩散中的作用。在本文中，我们讨论了从代谢组学分析获得的人类数据以及在细胞培养和动物模型中获得的机制研究数据，这些数据支持特定的细菌因子作为促癌的增效剂，其中包括核梭形杆菌，脆弱的产肠杆菌，产大肠杆菌素的大肠杆菌。此外，我们考虑了如何将微生物用于诊断大肠癌和操纵肿瘤环境，以鼓励患者更好地应对免疫疗法。