The phage shock protein (Psp) system was identified as a response to phage infection in Escherichia coli, but rather than being a specific response to a phage, it detects and mitigates various problems that could increase inner-membrane (IM) permeability. Interest in the Psp system has increased significantly in recent years due to appreciation that Psp-like proteins are found in all three domains of life and because the bacterial Psp response has been linked to virulence and other important phenotypes. In this article, we summarize our current understanding of what the Psp system detects and how it detects it, how four core Psp proteins form a signal transduction cascade between the IM and the cytoplasm, and current ideas that explain how the Psp response keeps bacterial cells alive. Although recent studies have significantly improved our understanding of this system, it is an understanding that is still far from complete.

中文翻译：

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噬菌体休克蛋白反应

噬菌体休克蛋白（Psp）系统被鉴定为对大肠杆菌中噬菌体感染的反应而不是对噬菌体的特定反应，它可以检测并减轻可能增加内膜（IM）渗透性的各种问题。近年来，由于赞赏在生活的所有三个域中都发现了Psp样蛋白，并且细菌Psp响应与毒力和其他重要表型有关，因此对Psp系统的兴趣大大增加。在本文中，我们总结了当前对Psp系统检测到的东西以及如何检测它的理解，四种核心Psp蛋白如何形成IM和细胞质之间的信号转导级联，以及当前的思想，这些思想解释了Psp反应如何保持细菌细胞活。尽管最近的研究极大地改善了我们对这个系统的理解，但是这种理解还远远没有完成。