Supercapacitors are electrochemical energy storage devices in which the charge is accumulated through the adsorption of ions from an electrolyte on the surface of the electrode. Because of their large ionic concentrations, ionic liquids have widely been investigated for such applications. The main properties that have to be optimized are the electrochemical window, the electrical conductivity, and the interfacial capacitances. Ionic liquids allow a significant improvement of the former, but they suffer from their high viscosity. In this review, I will discuss the advantages and the inconvenience of using ionic liquids in supercapacitors. Some innovative approaches using mixtures of ionic liquids or redox-active ions will also be critically addressed.

超级电容器是电化学能量存储装置，其中电荷通过来自电极表面上的电解质的离子吸附而积累。由于其离子浓度高，因此已针对此类应用广泛研究了离子液体。必须优化的主要属性是电化学窗口，电导率和界面电容。离子液体可以显着改善前者，但它们的粘度很高。在这篇综述中，我将讨论在超级电容器中使用离子液体的优点和不便之处。使用离子液体或氧化还原活性离子混合物的一些创新方法也将得到严格解决。