In recent years, researchers have focused on targeted gene therapy for lung cancer, using nanoparticle carriers to overcome the limitations of conventional treatment methods. The main goal of targeted gene therapy is to develop more efficient therapeutic strategies by improving the bioavailability, stability, and target specificity of gene therapeutics and to reduce off-target effects. Polymer-based nanoparticles, an alternative to lipid and inorganic nanoparticles, efficiently carry nucleic acid therapeutics and are stable in vivo. Receptor-targeted delivery is a promising approach that can limit non-specific gene delivery and can be achieved by modifying the polymer nanoparticle surface with specific receptor ligands or antibodies. This review highlights the recent developments in gene delivery using synthetic and natural polymer-based nucleic acid carriers for lung cancer treatment. Various nanoparticle systems based on polymers and polymer combinations are discussed. Further, examples of targeting ligands or moieties used in targeted, polymer-based gene delivery to lung cancer are reviewed.

近年来，研究人员重点关注肺癌的靶向基因治疗，利用纳米颗粒载体克服传统治疗方法的局限性。靶向基因治疗的主要目标是通过提高基因治疗的生物利用度、稳定性和靶点特异性来开发更有效的治疗策略，并减少脱靶效应。基于聚合物的纳米颗粒是脂质和无机纳米颗粒的替代品，可有效携带核酸治疗剂并且在体内稳定。受体靶向递送是一种有前途的方法，可以限制非特异性基因递送，并且可以通过用特定受体配体或抗体修饰聚合物纳米颗粒表面来实现。本综述重点介绍了使用合成和天然聚合物核酸载体进行肺癌治疗的基因递送的最新进展。讨论了基于聚合物和聚合物组合的各种纳米颗粒系统。此外，还回顾了用于肺癌靶向、基于聚合物的基因递送的靶向配体或部分的实例。