Nanoparticles based on nanotechnology and biotechnology have emerged as efficient carriers for various biopharmaceutical agents including proteins and genes. In particular, polysaccharides have attracted interest of many researchers in the drug delivery field due to their advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and ease of modification. A number of polysaccharides including chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and dextran, and their derivatives have been widely used as polymeric backbones for the formation of nanoparticles, which can be provided as valuable gene delivery carriers. In this review, we introduce the chemical and physical natures of different polysaccharides particularly used in biomedical applications, and then discuss recent progress in the development of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for gene delivery.

基于纳米技术和生物技术的纳米颗粒已成为包括蛋白质和基因在内的各种生物药物的有效载体。特别地，多糖由于具有诸如生物相容性，生物降解性，低毒性和易于修饰的优点而在药物递送领域引起了许多研究者的兴趣。包括壳聚糖，透明质酸和右旋糖酐在内的许多多糖及其衍生物已被广泛用作形成纳米颗粒的聚合物主链，可作为有价值的基因传递载体提供。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了特别用于生物医学应用的不同多糖的化学和物理性质，然后讨论了用于基因传递的基于多糖的纳米颗粒的开发最新进展。