Human-imported pollutants could induce water black, changing microbial community structure and function. Employed 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, field-scale investigations and laboratory-scale experiments were successively conducted to reveal mechanistic insights into microbial community assembly and succession of black-odor waters (BOWs). In the field-scale investigation, livestock breeding wastewater (56.7 ± 3.2%) was the most critical microbial source. Moreover, fermentation (27.1 ± 4.4%) was found to be the dominant function. Combined with laboratory experiments, the critical environmental factors, such as total organic carbon (30–100 mg/L), ammonia nitrogen (2.5–9 mg/L), initial dissolved oxygen (2–8 mg/L) and chlorophyll (0–90 mg/L), impacted the intensity of blackening. The differentiation of ecological niches within the microbial community played a significant role in driving the blackening speed. In laboratory-scale experiments, the microbial ecological niche determined the blackening timing and dominations of the stochastic processes in the microbial assembly process (88 - 51%). The three stages, including the anaerobic degradation stage, blackening stage and slow recovery stage, were proposed to understand the assembly of the microbial communities. These findings enhance our understanding of microorganisms in BOWs and provide valuable insights for detecting and managing heavily organic polluted waters.

中文翻译：

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揭示黑臭水体黑化过程中微生物群落组装模式及演替过程


人类输入的污染物可能导致水体变黑，改变微生物群落的结构和功能。先后进行了16S rRNA高通量测序、现场调查和实验室规模实验，以揭示微生物群落组装和黑臭水体演替的机制。在现场调查中，畜牧养殖废水（56.7±3.2%）是最关键的微生物源。此外，发酵（27.1 ± 4.4%）被发现是主要功能。结合实验室实验，对总有机碳（30–100 mg/L）、氨氮（2.5–9 mg/L）、初始溶解氧（2–8 mg/L）和叶绿素（0 –90 mg/L），影响黑化的强度。微生物群落内生态位的分化在驱动黑化速度方面发挥了重要作用。在实验室规模的实验中，微生物生态位决定了微生物组装过程中随机过程的变黑时间和主导地位（88 - 51%）。提出了三个阶段，包括厌氧降解阶段、黑化阶段和缓慢恢复阶段，以了解微生物群落的组装。这些发现增强了我们对 BOW 中微生物的了解，并为检测和管理严重有机污染的水域提供了宝贵的见解。