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Tracing the contribution and fate of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer in young apple orchard agrosystems
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173103 Zhaoxia Zheng , Chao Shi , Ai Zhang , Qian Zhang , Zhiyuan Zhao , Thongsouk Sompouviset , Shibiao Cai , Wei Zheng , Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro , Bingnian Zhai
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173103 Zhaoxia Zheng , Chao Shi , Ai Zhang , Qian Zhang , Zhiyuan Zhao , Thongsouk Sompouviset , Shibiao Cai , Wei Zheng , Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro , Bingnian Zhai
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Excessive synthetic nitrogen (N) inputs in intensive orchard agrosystems of developing countries are a growing concern regarding their adverse impacts on fruit production and the environment. Quantifying the distribution and contribution of fertilizer N is essential for increasing N use efficiency and minimizing N loss in orchards. A N tracer experiment was performed in a young dwarf apple orchard over two growing seasons to determine the fertilizer N transformation and fate. Fertilizer N primarily contributed to 25 % to 75 % of soil nitrate in the top 60 cm, but the contribution to soil microbial biomass N and fixed ammonium was <8 %, with the contribution to plant N ranging from 9 % to 19 %. In most growth periods, soil nitrate and fixed ammonium contents derived from native soil with N fertilization were higher than those not receiving N fertilizer. The N use efficiency of plants was only 2.6 % and 4.9 % in the first and second seasons, respectively, in contrast to 56.6 % and 54.0 % of N recovered in soil. Meanwhile, N assimilated into microbial biomass accounted for 0.8 %, and the proportion fixed by clay minerals was 3.5 %–5.2 %. One season after N fertilization, the nitrate below the 1 m soil layers accounted for 4.6 % of the applied N fertilizer, and the proportion increased to 22.5 % after two seasons. The N loss rate via NO emission was 0.4 % over two years. The application of N fertilizer facilitated indigenous soil N mineralization, and abiotic ammonium fixation more efficiently retained synthetic N than microbial immobilization. These findings provide new insight into orchard N cycling, and attention should be given to the improvement of soil N retention and turnover capacity regulated by soil microbial and abiotic processes, as well as the potential environmental impacts of additional soil N mineralization resulting from prolonged chemical N fertilization.
更新日期：2024-05-08
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