The organic matter molecular mechanism by which combined hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) of municipal sludge (MS) and agricultural wastes (rice husk, spent mushroom substrate, and wheat straw) reduces the inhibitory effects of aqueous phase (AP) products on pak choi ( L.) growth compared to HTC of MS alone is not clear. Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was used to characterize the differences in organic matter at the molecular level between AP from MS HTC alone (AP-MS) and AP from co-HTC of MS and agricultural waste (co-Aps). The results showed that N-bearing molecules of AP-MS and co-Aps account for 70.6 % and 54.2 %–64.1 % of all molecules, respectively. Lignins were present in the highest proportion (56.3 %–78.5 %) in all APs, followed by proteins and lipids. The dry weight of co-APs hydroponically grown pak choi was 31.6 %–47.6 % higher than that of the AP-MS. Molecules that were poorly saturated and with low aromaticity were preferentially consumed during hydroponic treatment. Molecules present before and after hydroponics were defined as resistant molecules; molecules present before hydroponics but absent after hydroponics were defined as removed molecules; and molecules absent before hydroponics but present after hydroponics were defined as produced molecules. Large lignin molecules were broken down into more unsaturated molecules, but lignins were the most commonly resistant, removed, and produced molecules. Correlation analysis revealed that N- or S-bearing molecules were phytotoxic in the AP. Tannins positively influenced the growth of pak choi. These results provide new insights into potential implementation strategies for liquid fertilizers produced from AP arising from HTC of MS and agricultural wastes.

中文翻译：

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城市污泥和农业废物的共水热碳化以减少水相产物对植物生长的抑制：有机物的分子水平分析


城市污泥（MS）和农业废弃物（稻壳、废蘑菇基质和麦秆）联合水热碳化（co-HTC）的有机物分子机制降低了水相（AP）产物对小白菜的抑制作用(L.) 与单独使用 MS 的 HTC 相比，增长情况尚不清楚。采用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法在分子水平上表征了仅 MS HTC 产生的 AP (AP-MS) 和 MS 与农业废物共 HTC 产生的 AP (co-Aps) 之间有机物的差异。结果表明，AP-MS 和 co-Aps 的含氮分子分别占总分子的 70.6% 和 54.2%–64.1%。所有 AP 中木质素的比例最高（56.3%–78.5%），其次是蛋白质和脂质。 co-APs 水培小白菜的干重比 AP-MS 高 31.6%–47.6%。在水培处理过程中，饱和度差且芳香度低的分子优先被消耗。水培前后存在的分子被定义为抗性分子；水培前存在但水培后不存在的分子定义为去除的分子；将水培前不存在但水培后存在的分子定义为产生的分子。大的木质素分子被分解成更多的不饱和分子，但木质素是最常见的抗性、去除和产生的分子。相关分析表明，AP 中含 N 或 S 的分子具有植物毒性。单宁对小白菜的生长有积极的影响。这些结果为利用 MS 和农业废物的 HTC 产生的 AP 生产液体肥料的潜在实施策略提供了新的见解。