The spotlight has shifted to near-infrared (NIR) luminescent materials emitting beyond 1000 nm, with growing interest due to their unique characteristics. The ability of NIR-II emission (1000–1700 nm) to penetrate deeply and transmit independently positions these NIR luminescent materials for applications in optical-communication devices, bioimaging, and photodetectors. The combination of rare earth metals/transition metals with a variety of matrix materials provides a new platform for creating new chemical and physical properties for materials science and device applications. In this review, the recent advancements in NIR emission activated by rare earth and transition metal ions are summarized and their role in applications spanning bioimaging, sensing, and optoelectronics is illustrated. It started with various synthesis techniques and explored how rare earths/transition metals can be skillfully incorporated into various matrixes, thereby endowing them with unique characteristics. The discussion to strategies of enhancing excitation absorption and emission efficiency, spotlighting innovations like dye sensitization and surface plasmon resonance effects is then extended. Subsequently, a significant focus is placed on functionalization strategies and their applications. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and proposed strategies for rare earth/transition metal ion-doped near-infrared luminescent materials, summarizing the insights of each section is provided.

中文翻译：

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掺入稀土/过渡金属离子的近红外发光材料：从材料到应用


人们的注意力已转向发射波长超过 1000 nm 的近红外 (NIR) 发光材料，由于其独特的特性，人们越来越感兴趣。 NIR-II 发射（1000–1700 nm）能够深入穿透并独立传输，使这些 NIR 发光材料适用于光通信设备、生物成像和光电探测器。稀土金属/过渡金属与各种基体材料的结合为材料科学和器件应用创造新的化学和物理性质提供了新的平台。在这篇综述中，总结了稀土和过渡金属离子激活的近红外发射的最新进展，并说明了它们在生物成像、传感和光电子学应用中的作用。它从各种合成技术入手，探索如何将稀土/过渡金属巧妙地融入到各种基体中，从而赋予其独特的特性。然后，讨论了增强激发吸收和发射效率的策略，重点关注染料敏化和表面等离子体共振效应等创新。随后，重点关注功能化策略及其应用。最后，对稀土/过渡金属离子掺杂近红外发光材料的挑战和提出的策略进行了全面分析，总结了每个部分的见解。