Ecosystem services (ES) are the bridge between social system and ecosystem, and effective management of ecosystem services is the basis of sustainable development. According to the objectives of ecosystem service management, this study constructed an ecosystem service management framework based on trade-off theory, and proposed the “Driving force regulation” toolkit and “Compensation scheme construction” toolkit to try to improve the efficiency and fairness of ecosystem service management. And take Zhejiang Huzhou Mulberry-dyke & Fish-pond System (MDFP) as the practical object of the framework. The results showed that: (1) When the thickness of the pond sludge is 10 cm, increasing the frequency of covering pond sludge to mulberry-dyke (CSMD) can effectively improve the supply of soil nutrient retention services in MDFP, but it will reduce the provision services. (2) When the pond sludge thickness is 10 cm, the frequency of CSMD is the driving force of the supply-supply trade-offs between soil nutrient retention services and provision services. Increasing the frequency of CSMD to once a year can effectively manage trade-offs between ES supplies and thereby improve stakeholders’ group benefits. (3) The benefits obtained by various stakeholders from the management of ES supply-supply trade-offs are uneven. Entrepreneurs, environmentalists and tourists need to pay compensation in the ratio of 6:6:1, while farmers and government agencies receive compensation in the ratio of 3:2. This research shows that the ecosystem service management framework based on trade-off theory optimizes ES supply according to the ES preferences of stakeholders, and determines the proportion of compensation paid (received) by private winners (private losers) based on differences in changes of individual benefits, thereby effectively improving the “efficiency” and “fairness” of ES management.

中文翻译：

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如何有效、公平地管理生态系统服务？

生态系统服务（ES）是社会系统与生态系统之间的桥梁，生态系统服务的有效管理是可持续发展的基础。根据生态系统服务管理目标，构建基于权衡理论的生态系统服务管理框架，提出“驱动力调节”工具包和“补偿方案构建”工具包，试图提高生态系统的效率和公平性。服务管理。并以浙江湖州桑堤鱼塘系统（MDFP）为框架的实际对象。结果表明：（1）当池塘污泥厚度为10 cm时，增加池塘污泥覆桑堤（CSMD）频率可以有效改善MDFP土壤养分保留服务的供给，但会降低MDFP的土壤养分保留服务供给。提供服务。 （2）当池塘污泥厚度为10 cm时，CSMD频率是土壤养分保留服务与供给服务之间供给-供给权衡的驱动力。将CSMD的频率增加到每年一次可以有效地管理ES供应之间的权衡，从而提高利益相关者的群体利益。 （3）各利益相关者从ES供给-供给权衡管理中获得的收益不平衡。企业家、环保人士和游客需要按6：6：1的比例支付补偿，而农民和政府机构则按3：2的比例获得补偿。本研究表明，基于权衡理论的生态系统服务管理框架根据利益相关者的ES偏好优化ES供给，并根据个体变化的差异确定私人赢家（私人输家）支付（接受）补偿的比例。效益，从而有效提高ES管理的“效率”和“公平”。