Wastewater from industries like petroleum refining and pharmaceuticals contains high levels of phenolic compounds. Discharging this untreated wastewater can severely pollute water bodies. To address this issue, a biochar-based composite imprinting phenol gel(MgNBC@MIP) was designed to effectively remove phenolic compounds and control phenol levels in water environments. The adjustment of the aromatic structure and pore architecture of the biochar effectively enhanced its affinity for phenolic compounds. Subsequently, the individual effects of factors such as pH, salt, and humic acid on adsorption were explored. Optimization of the adsorption process was carried out using a four-factor, three-level response surface method, yielding a theoretical formula for the adsorption amount, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 308.311 mg/g. Moreover, the adsorption of phenol and its derivatives by MgNBC@MIP followed the Langmuir isothermal model and the PSO kinetic model. A comprehensive mechanism analysis elaborated in detail on the diffusion and adsorption process of phenol from the aqueous phase to the adsorption site. Correlation FTIR and XPS analysis confirmed that π-π electron donor–acceptor interactions, hydrogen bonding, pore filling, and metal complexation were the primary driving forces for phenol adsorption. Significantly, MgNBC@MIP exhibited good reusability in the adsorption–desorption cycle. The design of a five-stage tandem column adsorption experiment opens up avenues for the industrial application of MgNBC@MIP.

中文翻译：

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基于多孔生物炭的超高吸附量印迹苯酚凝胶的制备：五级串联柱、响应面法及机理分析


炼油和制药等行业的废水含有大量酚类化合物。排放未经处理的废水会严重污染水体。针对这一问题，设计了一种基于生物炭的复合印迹酚凝胶（MgNBC@MIP），以有效去除酚类化合物并控制水环境中的酚含量。生物炭芳香结构和孔隙结构的调整有效增强了其对酚类化合物的亲和力。随后，探讨了 pH、盐和腐殖酸等因素对吸附的个体影响。采用四因素三水平响应面法对吸附过程进行优化，得出吸附量理论公式，最大吸附容量为308.311 mg/g。此外，MgNBC@MIP对苯酚及其衍生物的吸附遵循Langmuir等温模型和PSO动力学模型。全面的机理分析详细阐述了苯酚从水相到吸附位点的扩散和吸附过程。相关 FTIR 和 XPS 分析证实，π-π 电子供体-受体相互作用、氢键、孔填充和金属络合是苯酚吸附的主要驱动力。值得注意的是，MgNBC@MIP 在吸附-解吸循环中表现出良好的可重复使用性。五级串联柱吸附实验的设计为MgNBC@MIP的工业应用开辟了途径。