Investigating the growth kinetics of Li metal in solid-state batteries is crucial to both a fundamental understanding and practical application. Here, by directly observing the formation of Li metal from Ta-doped Li_6.4La₃Zr_1.4Ta_0.6O₁₂ (LLZTO) in a transmission electron microscope, the growth kinetics is analyzed quantitatively. The growth kinetics of Li deposits shows a cubic-curve characteristic for LLZTO with Li-source-free. Instead, a linear growth process is observed with Li-source supplied. The impact of the illuminating electron dose rate on the growth kinetics is clarified, indicating that even low dose rates (1–3 e^–/Ų/s) could affect Li growth, highlighting the significance of controlling dose rates. Furthermore, a new pathway for the formation of Li metal from Li-containing materials utilizing the field-emission effect is reported. This work has implications on the failure mechanism in solid batteries by using limited Li anodes and opens pathways for regulating Li growth in LLZTO at various scenarios, which can also extend to other ionic conductors.

中文翻译：

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量化固体离子导体还原的锂金属的生长动力学


研究固态电池中锂金属的生长动力学对于基本理解和实际应用都至关重要。这里，通过直接观察Ta掺杂的Li _6.4 La ₃ Zr _1.4 Ta _0.6 O ₁₂ (LLZTO) 在透射电子显微镜下，对生长动力学进行定量分析。对于无锂源的LLZTO，锂沉积的生长动力学表现出三次曲线特征。相反，在提供锂源的情况下观察到线性生长过程。阐明了照射电子剂量率对生长动力学的影响，表明即使低剂量率 (1–3 e ^– /Å ² /s) 也可能影响 Li 的生长，强调控制剂量率的重要性。此外，还报道了利用场致发射效应从含锂材料形成锂金属的新途径。这项工作通过使用有限的锂阳极对固体电池的失效机制产生了影响，并为在各种情况下调节 LLZTO 中锂的生长开辟了途径，这也可以扩展到其他离子导体。