In the present work, the extractive desulfurization (EDS) technique was used to reduce the sulfur content from the liquid fuel using deep eutectic solvent (DES). The thermal method was used to prepare DES by adding tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC) and choline chloride (ChCl) as hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and, at an appropriate molar ratio, using ethylene glycol (EG) as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD). In the EDS of sulfur-based model fuels, DESs ChCl:2EG and TMAC:2EG were used. The parametric study was performed to optimize the experimental conditions at a higher extraction efficiency. An efficiency of 47% was found using TMAC:2EG as the solvent in the EDS system; however, it increased to 73% with the use of multibatch extraction at optimized operating conditions: an initial concentration of 500 mg·L^–1, a time of 60 min, a stirring speed of 400 rpm, a DES-to-fuel ratio of 1:1, and a temperature set at 25 °C. The performance of DES was compared in the context of distribution coefficient, selectivity, capacity, and performance index at certain experimental conditions. The order and kinetic constant were determined by fitting first-, second-, and nth-order kinetic models representing the desulfurization kinetics at different temperatures. Mass transfer kinetics was also studied to calculate the overall mass transfer coefficient for the sulfur extraction process under the experimental operating conditions. The thermodynamics of extraction desulfurization has been studied to investigate the behavior of the extraction process, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹HNMR) spectroscopy have been used for understanding the EDS mechanism.

中文翻译：

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使用乙二醇基低共熔溶剂萃取脱硫的工程评价：动力学和传质研究


在目前的工作中，萃取脱硫（EDS）技术用于使用低共熔溶剂（DES）降低液体燃料中的硫含量。采用热法，加入四甲基氯化铵（TMAC）和氯化胆碱（ChCl）作为氢键受体（HBA），并以适当的摩尔比，以乙二醇（EG）作为氢键供体（HBD）制备DES。 。在硫基模型燃料的 EDS 中，使用了 DES ChCl:2EG 和 TMAC:2EG。进行参数研究以优化实验条件以获得更高的提取效率。在 EDS 系统中使用 TMAC:2EG 作为溶剂时，效率为 47%；然而，在优化操作条件下采用多批次萃取，其提取率提高至73%：初始浓度500 mg·L ^–1 ，时间60 min，搅拌速度400 rpm，DES-与燃料的比例为1:1，温度设定为25°C。在某些实验条件下，从分配系数、选择性、容量和性能指数方面比较了 DES 的性能。通过拟合代表不同温度下脱硫动力学的一阶、二阶和n阶动力学模型来确定阶数和动力学常数。还研究了传质动力学，以计算实验操作条件下硫提取过程的总体传质系数。研究了萃取脱硫的热力学以研究萃取过程的行为，并使用傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱和质子核磁共振（ ¹ HNMR）光谱来了解EDS机制。