Acetaminophen (ACT) has been extensively used nowadays as an effective drug for treating fever and pain, but refractory ACT released into aquatic environments can hardly be eliminated by ordinary approaches, causing a serious threat to the ecological environment. Herein, a new catalyst of metallic Ru confined within porous hollow spherical carbon nitride (Ru-hsCN) was fabricated for triggering peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and then degrading ACT in solutions. In the Ru-hsCN catalyst, highly dispersed Ru species were immobilized on the hsCN matrix by forming Ru–N bonds. The catalyst of 0.34Ru-hsCN with optimal Ru loading completely removed ACT within 5 min via PMS activation, and the reaction rate reached up to 0.497 min⁻¹. The contrast sample of 0.34Ru-hsCN-imp with Ru aggregation only showed 34.4% of ACT removal in 20 min. It was worth noting that the rate constant of 0.34Ru-hsCN was 18 times higher than that of 0.34Ru-hsCN-imp (0.027 min⁻¹) in the PMS induced ACT degradation. In addition, the 0.34Ru-hsCN/PMS system showed a wide pH working range, satisfactory durability and good tolerance to inorganic anions and cations, where Cl⁻ had a significantly positive effect. Further investigations unveiled that the reactive oxygen species including SO₄˙⁻, OH, O₂˙⁻ and ¹O₂ were produced in the 0.34Ru-hsCN/PMS system, and singlet oxygen (¹O₂) was the predominant species which actuated ACT degradation.

中文翻译：

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钌被限制在空心球形氮化碳中作为触发过一硫酸盐的有效催化剂

对乙酰氨基酚(ACT)作为治疗发烧和疼痛的有效药物已被广泛使用，但释放到水环境中的难治性ACT很难通过常规方法消除，对生态环境造成严重威胁。在此，制备了一种限制在多孔空心球形氮化碳（Ru-hsCN）内的金属Ru的新型催化剂，用于触发过一硫酸盐（PMS），然后降解溶液中的ACT。在 Ru-hsCN 催化剂中，高度分散的 Ru 物质通过形成 Ru-N 键固定在 hsCN 基质上。最佳Ru负载量的0.34Ru-hsCN催化剂通过PMS活化在5分钟内完全去除ACT，反应速率达到0.497 min ^-1。具有 Ru 聚集的 0.34Ru-hsCN-imp 对比样品仅显示 20 分钟内 ACT 去除率为 34.4%。值得注意的是，在PMS诱导的ACT降解中， 0.34Ru-hsCN的速率常数比0.34Ru-hsCN-imp (0.027 min ^-1 )高18倍。此外，0.34Ru-hsCN/PMS系统表现出较宽的pH工作范围、令人满意的耐久性以及对无机阴离子和阳离子良好的耐受性，其中Cl ^-具有显着的积极作用。进一步的研究表明， 0.34Ru-hsCN/PMS体系中产生了SO ₄ ˙ ⁻、OH、O ₂ ˙ ⁻和¹ O ₂等活性氧，其中单线态氧（ ¹ O ₂）是主要的活性氧物种。 ACT 退化。