In zinc-ion batteries, the role of water in electrolytes is pivotal for enhancing the kinetics and capacity of the cathode; however, an excess of water leads to reduced stability of the cathode and corrosion of the Zn anode. Devising an electrolyte that meets the different water content requirements for both the cathode and anode holds promise for achieving superior performance but remains a persistent challenge. Herein, we have innovatively designed an integrated Janus hydrogel with different hydrophilicities on two surfaces and gradient pore structures within a bulk material. In the cross-sectional view, a gradient in pore size, ranging from large to small, is established in conjunction with a reduction in hydrophilicity. By employing the Janus hydrogel electrolyte, zinc-ion batteries demonstrate both high capacity and excellent cycling stability by facilitating sufficient H⁺ insertion in the cathode without the formation of by-products, while simultaneously mitigating water-induced corrosion in the zinc anode. Specifically, the coin-type Zn‖(NH₄)₂V₁₀O₂₅·8H₂O attains an extraordinary capacity of up to 307 mA h g⁻¹ at 5 A g⁻¹, with an impressive capacity retention of 88% after 1000 cycles. Moreover, the pouch cell with an area of 22.5 cm² delivered a substantial capacity of 48 mA h and an excellent capacity retention of 85% after 150 cycles at 200 mA. Importantly, the pouch cell works reliably even when subjected to cutting, heavy loading or bending.

中文翻译：

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用于高性能锌离子电池的具有不同亲水性和梯度孔结构的集成Janus水凝胶


在锌离子电池中，水在电解质中的作用对于增强阴极的动力学和容量至关重要。然而，过量的水会导致阴极稳定性降低和锌阳极腐蚀。设计一种满足阴极和阳极不同含水量要求的电解质有望实现卓越的性能，但仍然是一个持续的挑战。在此，我们创新性地设计了一种集成的Janus水凝胶，其两个表面具有不同的亲水性，并且在块状材料内具有梯度孔结构。在横截面视图中，随着亲水性的降低，建立了从大到小的孔径梯度。通过采用 Janus 水凝胶电解质，锌离子电池通过促进在阴极中充分插入 H ⁺ 而不会形成副产物，同时减轻了水引起的腐蚀，从而表现出高容量和出色的循环稳定性。锌阳极。具体来说，硬币型Zn‖(NH ₄ ) ₂ V ₁₀ O ₂₅ ·8H ₂ O 在 5 A g ⁻¹ 下获得高达 307 mAh g ⁻¹ 的非凡容量，1000 次循环后容量保持率高达 88%，令人印象深刻。此外，面积为 22.5 cm ² 的软包电池可提供 48 mA h 的大容量，并在 200 mA 电流下循环 150 次后容量保持率为 85%。重要的是，即使在受到切割、重负载或弯曲时，软包电池也能可靠地工作。