The persistent and indiscriminate application of low-efficiency fertilizers, coupled with environmental degradation, poses a substantial threat to the sustainability of agricultural fields. To address these limitations, employing nanotechnology in agriculture emerges as a promising strategy that transforms traditional production systems into advanced agricultural practices, ensuring the sustainability of soil health and crop production. Therefore, a field trial was conducted to assess the effect of genotypes, nitrogen management and iron sulphide nanoparticles on oilseed at Varanasi in India. The experiment comprised 24 treatment combinations, incorporating three distinct oilseed species () in the main plot, two nitrogen management strategies (100 % recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and 75 % RDF with 25 % nitrogen through farmyard manure) in subplots, and four levels of nano iron sulphide (0, 4, 8, and 12 ppm) as sub-subplot treatments. This was arranged in a split-split plot design and replicated thrice during the winter seasons (November–April) of 2017–18 and 2018–19. The statistical examination of the experimental data revealed that among the various treatments, the application of 8 ppm iron sulphide nanoparticles through foliar spraying, in combination with 75 % RDF and 25 % nitrogen from farmyard manure (FYM) in , demonstrated the highest values for parameters such as plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (g plant), the count of primary and secondary branches, number of seeds siliqua, number of siliquae plant, siliqua length (cm) and seed yield (kg ha). Comparable results were noted at different morphological stages concerning dry matter heat use efficiency (DM-HUE), with exhibiting the highest efficiency in utilizing heat. and treated with 8 ppm iron sulphide nanoparticles outperformed other treatment combinations in terms of interaction, recording the highest dry matter and seed yield followed by 12 ppm while treated with water spray recorded the lowest values for the same during both years of research. Therefore, the current study highlights the significance of foliage application of 8 ppm iron sulphide nanoparticles with 25 % nitrogen substitution through FYM along with 74 % RDF in comparison to other treatments promoting sustainable oilseed production in Mid Indo-Gangetic Plains.

中文翻译：

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氮营养和硫化铁纳米颗粒应用下芸苔属植物生长、产量和热利用效率的评价


持续滥用低效化肥，加上环境退化，对农田的可持续发展构成重大威胁。为了解决这些限制，在农业中采用纳米技术成为一种有前途的战略，它将传统生产系统转变为先进的农业实践，确保土壤健康和作物生产的可持续性。因此，在印度瓦拉纳西进行了一项田间试验，以评估基因型、氮管理和硫化铁纳米颗粒对油籽的影响。该实验包括 24 种处理组合，其中在主地块中纳入了三种不同的油籽品种 ()，在次地块中采用了两种氮管理策略（100% 推荐剂量的肥料 (RDF) 和 75% RDF，其中 25% 氮通过农家肥），以及四种纳米硫化铁水平（0、4、8 和 12 ppm）作为次要地块处理。这是采用分开的地块设计进行安排，并在 2017-18 和 2018-19 的冬季（11 月至 4 月）重复三次。对实验数据的统计检查表明，在各种处理中，通过叶面喷洒施用 8 ppm 硫化铁纳米粒子，结合 75% RDF 和 25% 农家肥 (FYM) 氮，表现出了最高的参数值。如株高（厘米）、干物质积累量（克株）、初、次枝数、长角果种子数、长角果株数、长角果长度（厘米）和种子产量（公斤·公顷）。在不同形态阶段的干物质热利用效率（DM-HUE）中得到了可比较的结果，显示出最高的热利用效率。 在相互作用方面，用 8 ppm 硫化铁纳米粒子处理的处理组合优于其他处理组合，记录了最高的干物质和种子产量，其次是 12 ppm 的处理，而用喷水处理则在两年的研究中记录了相同的最低值。因此，当前的研究强调了通过 FYM 叶面施用 8 ppm 硫化铁纳米粒子（25% 氮替代）和 74% RDF 与促进印度恒河平原中部可持续油籽生产的其他处理相比的重要性。