In recent years, the intersection of the academic and medical domains has increasingly spotlighted the utilization of biomaterials in radioactive disease treatment and radiation protection. Biomaterials, distinguished from conventional molecular pharmaceuticals, offer a suite of advantages in addressing radiological conditions. These include their superior biological activity, chemical stability, exceptional histocompatibility, and targeted delivery capabilities. This review comprehensively delineates the therapeutic mechanisms employed by various biomaterials in treating radiological afflictions impacting the skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and hematopoietic systems. Significantly, these nanomaterials function not only as efficient drug delivery vehicles but also as protective agents against radiation, mitigating its detrimental effects on the human body. Notably, the strategic amalgamation of specific biomaterials with particular pharmacological agents can lead to a synergistic therapeutic outcome, opening new avenues in the treatment of radiation- induced diseases. However, despite their broad potential applications, the biosafety and clinical efficacy of these biomaterials still require in-depth research and investigation. Ultimately, this review aims to not only bridge the current knowledge gaps in the application of biomaterials for radiation-induced diseases but also to inspire future innovations and research directions in this rapidly evolving field.

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生物材料介导的辐射疾病治疗与辐射防护

近年来，学术和医学领域的交叉日益关注生物材料在放射性疾病治疗和辐射防护中的应用。与传统分子药物不同，生物材料在解决放射条件方面具有一系列优势。这些包括其卓越的生物活性、化学稳定性、卓越的组织相容性和靶向递送能力。这篇综述全面描述了各种生物材料在治疗影响皮肤、肺部、胃肠道和造血系统的放射性疾病时所采用的治疗机制。值得注意的是，这些纳米材料不仅可以作为有效的药物输送载体，还可以作为辐射的保护剂，减轻其对人体的有害影响。值得注意的是，特定生物材料与特定药物的战略融合可以产生协同治疗结果，为治疗辐射引起的疾病开辟新途径。然而，尽管它们具有广泛的潜在应用，这些生物材料的生物安全性和临床功效仍然需要深入的研究和调查。最终，这篇综述的目的不仅是弥合当前生物材料在辐射诱发疾病应用方面的知识差距，而且还旨在激发这个快速发展领域的未来创新和研究方向。