We present a new nucleosynthesis process that may take place on neutron-rich ejecta experiencing an intensive neutrino flux. The nucleosynthesis proceeds similarly to the standard $r$ process, a sequence of neutron captures and beta decays with, however, charged-current neutrino absorption reactions on nuclei operating much faster than beta decays. Once neutron-capture reactions freeze out the produced $r$ process, neutron-rich nuclei undergo a fast conversion of neutrons into protons and are pushed even beyond the $\beta$ stability line, producing the neutron-deficient $p$ nuclei. This scenario, which we denote as the $\nu r$ process, provides an alternative channel for the production of $p$ nuclei and the short-lived nucleus ${}^{92}\mathrm{Nb}$. We discuss the necessary conditions posed on the astrophysical site for the $\nu r$ process to be realized in nature. While these conditions are not fulfilled by current neutrino-hydrodynamic models of $r$-process sites, future models, including more complex physics and a larger variety of outflow conditions, may achieve the necessary conditions in some regions of the ejecta.

中文翻译：

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从 r 过程种子生产 p 核：νr 过程

我们提出了一种新的核合成过程，该过程可能发生在经历强中微子通量的富中子喷射物上。核合成过程与标准类似$r$过程中，一系列中子俘获和β衰变，然而，原子核上的带电中微子吸收反应的运行速度比β衰变快得多。一旦中子捕获反应冻结了产生的$r$在此过程中，富中子核经历中子快速转化为质子，并被推到甚至超出了$\beta$稳定线，产生贫中子$p$原子核。这种情况，我们表示为$\nu r$工艺，为生产提供了替代渠道$p$原子核和短命原子核${}^{92}铌$。我们讨论了天体物理地点所构成的必要条件$\nu r$在自然界中实现的过程。虽然当前的中微子流体动力学模型无法满足这些条件$r$-过程地点，未来的模型，包括更复杂的物理和更多种类的流出条件，可能会在喷射物的某些区域达到必要的条件。