Densification is a novel intensification strategy with the potential to improve treatment capacity within existing continuous-flow (CF) water resource recovery facilities at low capital and operating costs and at relatively small particle sizes compared to typical aerobic granular sludge (AGS) systems. To achieve densification, biological selection principles derived from selector design and AGS concepts have been coupled with physical selection via hydrocyclones at full-scale CF facilities to promote the growth and retention of granules. This combination lowers the sludge volume index (SVI) through superior sludge settling and paves the way for optimized nutrient removal and energy efficiency in low dissolved oxygen conditions. This paper sheds light on the benefits of densification. It delves into areas of advancement to further its implementation: hydrocyclone design, selector zone design, operational guidelines, and the target range for particle sizes and granule fractions.

中文翻译：

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掀起波澜：乘着致密化浪潮从当前的理解走向进步

致密化是一种新颖的强化策略，与典型的好氧颗粒污泥（AGS）系统相比，具有以较低的资本和运营成本以及相对较小的颗粒尺寸提高现有连续流（CF）水资源回收设施的处理能力的潜力。为了实现致密化，源自选择器设计和 AGS 概念的生物选择原理与全尺寸 CF 设施中通过水力旋流器的物理选择相结合，以促进颗粒的生长和保留。这种组合通过卓越的污泥沉降降低了污泥体积指数 (SVI)，并为低溶解氧条件下优化营养物去除和能源效率铺平了道路。本文阐明了致密化的好处。它深入研究了进一步实施的进展领域：水力旋流器设计、选择器区域设计、操作指南以及颗粒尺寸和颗粒分数的目标范围。