Suicide is a serious global issue, with major depressive disorder (MDD) being a significant risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. There is an urgent need to determine whether event-related potential components (ERPs) could be used as an indicator to assess suicidal risk. From 2020 to 2023, 258 participants in total were recruited into the study. All participants were divided into four groups: MDD patients at high (n = 66), moderate (n = 66), and low risk (n = 56) of suicide, and healthy controls (HCs)(n = 70). Each participant provided socio-demographic information and underwent evaluations using clinical psychological scales such as 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Health Questionnaire-9 items (PHQ-9), and Nurses' Global Assessment of Suicide Risk (NGASR). The auditory brainstem response test and ERP examination were performed for all subjects. Our study found that the amplitude of P2–P3 and N2–P3 was significantly reduced in MDD patients at moderate and high risk of suicide, and these were negatively correlated with NGASR total score (all P < 0.05). Point B latency was positively correlated with NGASR total score (P < 0.05). Patients with MDD patients at low risk for suicide had a lower A-B amplitude compared to HCs (P < 0.05). No differences were found in MMN or P50 components between the four groups (all P > 0.05). MDD patients at higher risk of suicide exhibited severe impairment of cognitive function. ERP indices, such as the amplitude of P2–P3 and N2–P3, could be associated with the risk of suicide in MDD patients.

中文翻译：

---

重度抑郁症事件相关电位成分与自杀风险的关系

自杀是一个严重的全球问题，重度抑郁症（MDD）是自杀想法和行为的一个重要危险因素。迫切需要确定事件相关电位成分（ERP）是否可以作为评估自杀风险的指标。从2020年到2023年，该研究总共招募了258名参与者。所有参与者被分为四组：自杀风险高（n = 66）、中度（n = 66）和低（n = 56）风险的MDD患者，以及健康对照（HC）（n = 70）。每个参与者都提供了社会人口统计信息，并使用临床心理量表进行了评估，例如 7 项广泛性焦虑症 (GAD-7)、健康问卷 9 项 (PHQ-9) 和护士自杀风险全球评估 (NGASR) 。所有受试者均进行听觉脑干反应测试和ERP检查。我们的研究发现，中、高自杀风险MDD患者的P2-P3和N2-P3波幅显着降低，且与NGASR总分呈负相关（均P < 0.05）。 B点潜伏期与NGASR总分呈正相关（P < 0.05）。与 HC 相比，自杀风险低的 MDD 患者的 AB 幅度较低（P < 0.05）。四组之间的 MMN 或 P50 成分未发现差异（均 P > 0.05）。自杀风险较高的 MDD 患者表现出严重的认知功能障碍。 ERP 指数，例如 P2-P3 和 N2-P3 的幅度，可能与 MDD 患者的自杀风险相关。