The experience sampling method (ESM) is a structured diary technique, which is used to assess thoughts, mood and appraise subjective experiences in daily life. It has been recognized as a useful tool for understanding the characteristics, dynamics, and underlying mechanisms of prodromal symptoms of psychosis. The present systematic review aimed to provide a qualitative synthesis of findings provided by the ESM studies conducted in people with psychosis risk states. A systematic review of the MEDLINE, ERIC, Academic Search Ultimate, and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition databases, utilizing search terms related to the ESM and the risk of psychosis was conducted. Out of 1069 publication records identified, 77 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Data were synthesized around the following topics: 1) assessment of symptoms dynamics and social functioning; 2) assessment of the mechanisms contributing to the emergence of psychotic experiences and 3) assessment of stress sensitivity. The studies have shown that negative emotions are associated with subsequent development of paranoia. The tendency to draw hasty conclusions, aberrant salience, self-esteem, and emotion regulation were the most frequently reported mechanisms associated with the emergence of psychotic experiences. Studies using the ESM also provided evidence for the role of stress sensitivity, in the development of psychotic symptoms. The ESM has widely been applied to studies investigating psychosis risk states, using a variety of protocols. Findings from this systematic review might inform future studies and indicate potential targets for interventions.

中文翻译：

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精神病风险状态的经验抽样方法：系统评价

经验抽样法（ESM）是一种结构化日记技术，用于评估日常生活中的思想、情绪和主观体验。它被认为是了解精神病前驱症状的特征、动态和潜在机制的有用工具。本系统评价旨在对在患有精神病风险状态的人群中进行的 ESM 研究提供的结果进行定性综合。利用与 ESM 和精神病风险相关的搜索术语，对 MEDLINE、ERIC、Academic Search Ultimate 和 Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition 数据库进行了系统回顾。在确定的 1069 项发表记录中，77 项研究符合审查的纳入标准。数据围绕以下主题进行综合：1）症状动态和社会功能评估； 2) 评估导致精神病经历出现的机制；3) 评估压力敏感性。研究表明，负面情绪与随后的偏执狂的发展有关。仓促下结论的倾向、异常的显着性、自尊和情绪调节是最常报道的与精神病经历出现相关的机制。使用 ESM 的研究也提供了压力敏感性在精神病症状发展中的作用的证据。 ESM 已广泛应用于使用各种协议调查精神病风险状态的研究。这项系统评价的结果可能会为未来的研究提供信息，并指出干预措施的潜在目标。