Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in childhood. The molecular mechanisms underlying ASD have not yet been elucidated completely. Evidence has emerged to support a link between microglial dysfunction and the etiology of ASD. This review summarizes current research on microglial dysfunction in neuroinflammation and synaptic pruning, which are associated with altered transcriptomes and autophagy in ASD. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in ASD and its correlation with microglial dysfunction are also addressed.

中文翻译：

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自闭症谱系障碍中的小胶质细胞功能障碍

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种高度异质性的神经发育障碍，在儿童期发病。 ASD 的分子机制尚未完全阐明。已有证据支持小胶质细胞功能障碍与 ASD 病因之间的联系。这篇综述总结了目前关于神经炎症和突触修剪中小胶质细胞功能障碍的研究，这些功能与自闭症谱系障碍中转录组和自噬的改变有关。还讨论了自闭症谱系障碍中肠道微生物群的失调及其与小胶质细胞功能障碍的相关性。