In an area endemic with Indian visceral leishmaniasis (VL), we performed direct xenodiagnosis to evaluate the transmission of Leishmania donovani from patients with VL–human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection to the vector sandflies, Phlebotomus argentipes. Fourteen patients with confirmed VL-HIV coinfection, with a median parasitemia of 42 205 parasite genome/mL of blood, were exposed to 732 laboratory-reared pathogen-free female P argentipes sandflies on their lower arms and legs. Microscopy revealed that 16.66% (122/732) of blood-fed flies were xenodiagnosis positive. Notably, 93% (13/14) of the VL-HIV group infected the flies, as confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and/or microscopy, and were 3 times more infectious than those who had VL without HIV.

中文翻译：

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印度流行区内脏利什曼病与人类免疫缺陷病毒合并感染的患者对白蛉具有高度传染性

在印度内脏利什曼病 (VL) 流行的地区，我们进行了直接异种诊断，以评估杜氏利什曼原虫从 VL 与人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 双重感染患者到媒介白蛉 (白蛉) 的传播情况。 14 名确诊为 VL-HIV 双重感染的患者，中位寄生虫血症为 42 205 个寄生虫基因组/mL 血液，他们的下臂和腿部暴露于 732 只实验室饲养的无病原体雌性白蛉。显微镜检查显示，16.66%（122/732）的吸血果蝇异种诊断呈阳性。值得注意的是，定量聚合酶链反应和/或显微镜证实，93% (13/14) 的 VL-HIV 组感染了果蝇，其传染性比感染 VL 且未感染 HIV 的果蝇高 3 倍。