Enamel white spot lesions (WSLs) are usually caused by the dissolution of minerals (mainly calcium and phosphate) on the tooth surface due to the acidic environment in the oral cavity. Without timely intervention, WSLs may lead to white spots or a sense of transparency on the tooth surface, and even the formation of dental caries (tooth decay) in severe cases. The key to preventing and treating WSLs is inhibiting the activity of acid-producing bacteria and promoting the remineralization of demineralized enamel. In this study, the network structure formed by sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) cross-linked chitosan was used to stabilize calcium phosphate, and the multifunctional nanocomposite was constructed by integrating antibacterial components of traditional Chinese medicine, honokiol nanoparticles (HK-NPs) and sodium fluoride to achieve the purpose of resisting cariogenic bacteria and remineralizing with sustained release of calcium and phosphate ions. Notably, we enhanced the remineralization effect of nanocomposites with the help of functional nanocoatings inspired by the mussel biomimetic coating. The experimental results show that the synergistic remineralization effect of nanocomposite and nanocoating is better than that of a single strategy. This multi-prong treatment strategy provides the theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of WSLs.

中文翻译：

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CHN纳米复合材料和纳米涂层通过增强再矿化和抗菌活性来抵抗牙釉质白斑病变

牙釉质白斑病变（WSL）通常是由于口腔酸性环境导致牙齿表面矿物质（主要是钙和磷酸盐）溶解而引起的。如果不及时干预，WSL可能会导致牙齿表面出现白斑或透明感，严重时甚至形成龋齿（蛀牙）。防治WSL的关键是抑制产酸菌的活性，促进脱矿牙釉质的再矿化。本研究利用三聚磷酸钠（TPP）交联壳聚糖形成的网络结构来稳定磷酸钙，并整合中药抗菌成分、和厚朴酚纳米颗粒（HK-NPs）和氟化钠，构建多功能纳米复合材料。通过持续释放钙离子和磷酸根离子来达到抵抗致龋菌和再矿化的目的。值得注意的是，我们借助受贻贝仿生涂层启发的功能性纳米涂层增强了纳米复合材料的再矿化效果。实验结果表明，纳米复合材料和纳米涂层的协同再矿化效果优于单一策略。这种多管齐下的治疗策略为WSL的临床防治提供了理论和实验基础。