Hamburger wrapping paper, coated with water-based barrier coatings, used in the food packaging industry was studied by using the total organic fluorine (TOF) method based on combustion ion chromatography and fluorine-19 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (¹⁹F ss-NMR) spectroscopy. Although the TOF method is a fast and affordable method used to screen for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the amount of fluorine it measures is heavily dependent on the extraction step and, therefore could lead to inaccurate results. Fluorine-19 ss-NMR spectroscopy can differentiate between organic and inorganic fluorinated sources, eliminating the need for sample clean up. To illustrate this, the ¹⁹F ss-NMR spectra of clean coated paper samples that contained naturally occurring F^- ions from the talc raw material and spiked samples containing perfluorooctanoic acid were compared. A range of experimental conditions was explored to improve sensitivity for low PFAS concentrations (in the order of 10–20 mg/kg). Despite the disadvantages of ss-NMR spectroscopy, such as the low limit of detection and resolution, the results demonstrate it can be a viable tool to directly detect PFAS moieties in consumer and food packaging. Therefore, ¹⁹F solid-state NMR spectroscopy challenges and complements current methods, which only provide indirect evidence of the presence of PFAS.

中文翻译：

---

使用 Fluorine-19 固态核磁共振波谱法测定消费品和食品包装样品中氟化物的总量和类别


采用基于燃烧离子色谱和氟 19 固态核磁共振的总有机氟 (TOF) 方法研究了用于食品包装行业的涂有水性阻隔涂料的汉堡包装纸 ( ¹⁹ 离子的干净涂布纸样品和含有全氟辛酸的加标样品的 ¹⁹ F ss-NMR 谱进行了比较。探索了一系列实验条件来提高低 PFAS 浓度（大约 10-20 mg/kg）的灵敏度。尽管 ss-NMR 波谱存在检测限和分辨率低等缺点，但结果表明它可以成为直接检测消费品和食品包装中 PFAS 部分的可行工具。因此， ¹⁹ F 固态核磁共振波谱挑战并补充了目前的方法，这些方法只能提供 PFAS 存在的间接证据。