There has been a dramatic surge in the prevalence of food allergy (FA) that cannot be explained solely by genetics, identifying mechanisms of sensitization that are driven by environmental factors has become increasingly important. Diet, gut microbiota, and their metabolites have been shown to play an important role in the development of FA. In this review, we discuss the latest epidemiological evidence on the impact of two major dietary patterns and key nutrients in early life on the risk of offspring developing FA. The Western diet typically includes high sugar and high fat, which may affect the immune system of offspring and increase susceptibility to FA. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet is rich in fiber, which may reduce the risk of FA in offspring. Furthermore, we explore the potential mechanisms by which maternal dietary nutrients during a window of opportunity (pregnancy, birth, and lactation) influences the susceptibility of offspring to FA through multi-interface crosstalk. Finally, we discuss the limitations and gaps in the available evidence regarding the relationship between maternal dietary nutrients and the risk of FA in offspring. This review provides novel perspective on the regulation of offspring FA by maternal diet and nutrients.

中文翻译：

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母亲饮食和营养素调节后代食物过敏的新视角

食物过敏 (FA) 的患病率急剧上升，这不能仅用遗传学来解释，识别由环境因素驱动的致敏机制变得越来越重要。饮食、肠道微生物群及其代谢物已被证明在 FA 的发生中发挥着重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了关于两种主要饮食模式和生命早期关键营养素对后代发生 FA 风险影响的最新流行病学证据。西方饮食通常含有高糖和高脂肪，这可能会影响后代的免疫系统并增加对FA的易感性。相比之下，地中海饮食富含纤维，这可能会降低后代患 FA 的风险。此外，我们还探讨了母亲膳食营养在机会窗口（怀孕、分娩和哺乳期）期间通过多界面串扰影响后代对 FA 的易感性的潜在机制。最后，我们讨论了关于母亲膳食营养素与后代 FA 风险之间关系的现有证据的局限性和差距。本综述为母体饮食和营养素对后代 FA 的调节提供了新的视角。