Triclosan (TCS) is a biocide widely used in personal care and medicinal products. TCS persists in sediments and has been detected worldwide, making sediments a vital route of TCS exposure to aquatic organisms. This experiment explored the bioaccumulation and toxicological effects of TCS-contaminated sediment. The study revealed that the half-life of TCS in the sediment-water system was 21.52 days. Exposure of juveniles to 0.4 and 0.8 mg kg TCS-spiked sediment resulted in high Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF) with the highest bioaccumulation in the liver (29.62–73.61 mg kg), followed by gill (9.22–17.57 mg kg), kidney (5.04–9.76 mg kg), muscle (2.63–4.87 mg kg) and brain (1.53–3.20 mg kg). Furthermore, a concentration-dependent increase in oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was documented during 45 days of exposure in gill, liver, kidney, muscle, and brain tissues of exposed fish. A similar increasing trend was also recorded for liver transaminase enzymes such as glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) during the experimental period compared to control. Serum biochemical analysis revealed a significant time and concentration-dependent increase in serum glucose, serum GOT, and serum GPT, while serum total protein and albumin decreased significantly during exposure. These findings demonstrate high bioaccumulative and toxic nature of TCS in fish, promoting multiple physiological and biochemical dysfunctions through sediment exposure. The study underscores the urgent need for strengthened regulations and robust monitoring of triclosan across various environmental matrices, including sediment, to mitigate the detrimental impacts of TCS effectively.

中文翻译：

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沉积物结合的三氯生对淡水鲶鱼 Clarias magur 的慢性毒性：器官水平积累和选定的酶生物标志物反应

三氯生 (TCS) 是一种广泛用于个人护理和医药产品的杀菌剂。 TCS 持续存在于沉积物中，并已在世界范围内检测到，这使得沉积物成为 TCS 接触水生生物的重要途径。本实验探讨了 TCS 污染沉积物的生物累积性和毒理学效应。研究表明TCS在沉积物-水系统中的半衰期为21.52天。幼鱼暴露于 0.4 和 0.8 mg·kg TCS 加标沉积物会导致较高的生物沉积物累积因子 (BSAF)，其中肝脏中的生物累积量最高（29.62–73.61 mg·kg），其次是鳃（9.22–17.57 mg·kg）。肾（5.04–9.76 mg·kg）、肌肉（2.63–4.87 mg·kg）和脑（1.53–3.20 mg·kg）。此外，在暴露 45 天期间，鳃、肝脏、肾脏、肌肉和大脑中的氧化应激生物标志物（如超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶 (GST)）出现浓度依赖性增加。暴露的鱼的组织。与对照组相比，实验期间肝脏转氨酶如谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶（GOT）和谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶（GPT）也有类似的增加趋势。血清生化分析显示，在暴露期间，血清葡萄糖、血清 GOT 和血清 GPT 出现显着的时间和浓度依赖性增加，而血清总蛋白和白蛋白显着下降。这些发现表明，TCS 在鱼类中具有高生物累积性和毒性，通过沉积物暴露促进多种生理和生化功能障碍。该研究强调迫切需要加强对包括沉积物在内的各种环境基质中的三氯生的监管和强有力的监测，以有效减轻 TCS 的有害影响。