DNA nanostructures exhibit versatile geometries and possess sophisticated capabilities not found in other nanomaterials. They serve as customizable nanoplatforms for orchestrating the spatial arrangement of molecular components, such as biomolecules, antibodies, or synthetic nanomaterials. This is achieved by incorporating oligonucleotides into the design of the nanostructure. In the realm of drug delivery to cancer cells, there is a growing interest in active targeting assays to enhance efficacy and selectivity. The active targeting approach involves a “key‐lock” mechanism where the carrier, through its ligand, recognizes specific receptors on tumor cells, facilitating the release of drugs. Various DNA nanostructures, including DNA origami, Tetrahedral, nanoflower, cruciform, nanostar, nanocentipede, and nanococklebur, can traverse the lipid layer of the cell membrane, allowing cargo delivery to the nucleus. Aptamers, easily formed in vitro, are recognized for their targeted delivery capabilities due to their high selectivity for specific targets and low immunogenicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the formation and modification of aptamer‐modified DNA nanostructures within drug delivery systems.

中文翻译：

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适体驱动的 DNA 纳米结构在精准药物输送方面的进展

DNA 纳米结构表现出多种几何形状，并具有其他纳米材料所没有的复杂功能。它们作为可定制的纳米平台，用于协调分子成分的空间排列，例如生物分子、抗体或合成纳米材料。这是通过将寡核苷酸纳入纳米结构的设计来实现的。在向癌细胞输送药物的领域，人们对主动靶向测定以提高功效和选择性越来越感兴趣。主动靶向方法涉及“钥匙锁”机制，其中载体通过其配体识别肿瘤细胞上的特定受体，促进药物的释放。各种DNA纳米结构，包括DNA折纸、四面体、纳米花、十字形、纳米星、纳米蜈蚣和纳米苍耳，可以穿过细胞膜的脂质层，从而将货物输送到细胞核。适体很容易在体外形成，由于其对特定靶标的高选择性和低免疫原性，因此因其靶向递送能力而受到认可。这篇综述全面概述了药物输送系统中适体修饰的 DNA 纳米结构的形成和修饰的最新进展。