A novel nontoxic method for processing energetic binder, namely, polyglycidyl nitrate (PGN), using Aza-Michael reactions for deriving high-performance explosive formulations is being reported. The polyol binders used in polymer-bonded explosives (PBX) including PGN are usually cross-linked using isocyanate leading to polyurethane (PU)-based cured solid networks. These reactions require mild reaction conditions and yield good mechanical properties for the PBX but remain challenging due to extraneous reactions of isocyanate resulting in defects in the cured blocks. In addition, the presence of nitrato groups in the vicinity of terminal hydroxyl groups of PGN results in the decuring of cross-linked urethane that affects the storage life of PBX, though PGN-based binder can provide an 18% improvement in the velocity of detonation of PBX at lower solid loadings of 70%. This prevents researchers from exploiting the major performance advantage of using PGN for PBX compositions. This article herein features a green and mild aza-Michael reaction for functional modification of PGN using readily available substrates and triethylene tetramine to form a cross-linked β-aminocarbonyl network. The methodology ensures a void-free, stable, cured network and offers an effective replacement for toxic cure chemistry currently employed for processing of PBX.

中文翻译：

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来自可持续阿扎-迈克尔反应的高能硝酸盐聚合物粘结炸药

据报道，一种新的无毒方法用于处理高能粘合剂，即聚硝酸缩水甘油酯（PGN），利用 Aza-Michael 反应来衍生高性能炸药配方。包括 PGN 在内的聚合物粘结炸药 (PBX) 中使用的多元醇粘合剂通常使用异氰酸酯进行交联，形成基于聚氨酯 (PU) 的固化固体网络。这些反应需要温和的反应条件并为 PBX 提供良好的机械性能，但由于异氰酸酯的外部反应导致固化块中的缺陷，因此仍然具有挑战性。此外，PGN 末端羟基附近硝基的存在会导致交联聚氨酯脱胶，从而影响 PBX 的储存寿命，尽管基于 PGN 的粘合剂可以将爆速提高 18% PBX 的固体负载量较低，为 70%。这阻碍了研究人员利用 PGN 用于 PBX 组合的主要性能优势。本文的特点是使用易于获得的底物和三亚乙基四胺对 PGN 进行绿色且温和的氮杂迈克尔反应，以形成交联的 β-氨基羰基网络。该方法确保了无空隙、稳定、固化的网络，并为目前用于 PBX 处理的有毒固化化学品提供了有效的替代品。