Digital Twins have emerged as an outstanding opportunity for precision farming, digitally replicating in real-time the functionalities of objects and plants. A virtual replica of the crop, including key agronomic development aspects such as irrigation, optimal fertilization strategies, and pest management, can support decision-making and a step change in farm management, increasing overall sustainability and direct water, fertilizer, and pesticide savings. In this review, Digital Twin technology is critically reviewed and framed in the context of recent advances in precision agriculture and Agriculture 4.0. The review is organized for each step of agricultural lifecycle, edaphic, phytotechnologic, postharvest, and farm infrastructure, with supporting case studies demonstrating direct benefits for agriculture production and supply chain considering both benefits and limitations of such an approach. Challenges and limitations are disclosed regarding the complexity of managing such an amount of data and a multitude of (often) simultaneous operations and supports.

中文翻译：

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农业中的数字孪生：编排和应用

数字孪生已成为精准农业的绝佳机会，可以实时数字化复制物体和植物的功能。作物的虚拟复制品，包括灌溉、最佳施肥策略和病虫害管理等关键农艺发展方面，可以支持决策和农场管理的逐步变革，提高整体可持续性并直接节省水、肥料和农药。在这篇综述中，数字孪生技术在精准农业和农业 4.0 的最新进展的背景下进行了严格的审查和框架。该审查针对农业生命周期、土壤、植物技术、收获后和农场基础设施的每个步骤进行组织，并考虑到这种方法的好处和局限性，支持案例研究证明对农业生产和供应链的直接好处。公开了关于管理如此大量的数据以及大量（通常）同时操作和支持的复杂性的挑战和限制。