Food-borne biotoxins from microbes, plants, or animals contaminate unclean, spoiled, and rotten foods, posing significant health risks. Neutralizing such toxins is vital for human health, especially after food poisoning. Nanobodies (Nbs), a type of single-domain antibodies derived from the genetic cloning of a variable domain of heavy chain antibodies (VHHs) in camels, offer unique advantages in toxin neutralization. Their small size, high stability, and precise binding enable effective neutralization. The use of Nbs in neutralizing food-borne biotoxins offers numerous benefits, and their genetic malleability allows tailored optimization for diverse toxins. As nanotechnology continues to evolve and improve, Nbs are poised to become increasingly efficient and safer tools for toxin neutralization, playing a pivotal role in safeguarding human health and environmental safety. This review not only highlights the efficacy of these agents in neutralizing toxins but also proposes innovative solutions to address their current challenges. It lays a solid foundation for their further development in this crucial field and propels their commercial application, thereby contributing significantly to advancements in this domain.

中文翻译：

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纳米抗体体内中和食源性生物毒素：现状与前景

来自微生物、植物或动物的食源性生物毒素会污染不干净、变质和腐烂的食物，造成严重的健康风险。中和此类毒素对于人类健康至关重要，尤其是在食物中毒后。纳米抗体（Nbs）是一种单域抗体，源自骆驼重链抗体（VHH）可变域的基因克隆，在毒素中和方面具有独特的优势。它们尺寸小、稳定性高、结合精确，能够实现有效的中和。使用 Nbs 中和食源性生物毒素具有许多好处，其遗传可塑性允许针对不同的毒素进行定制优化。随着纳米技术的不断发展和改进，纳米带有望成为越来越高效、更安全的毒素中和工具，在维护人类健康和环境安全方面发挥关键作用。这篇综述不仅强调了这些药物在中和毒素方面的功效，而且还提出了创新的解决方案来应对当前的挑战。它为它们在这一关键领域的进一步发展奠定了坚实的基础，并推动了它们的商业应用，从而为该领域的进步做出了重大贡献。