As the global surfactant market continues to expand, there is an increasing need to develop bio‐based alternatives in the shift towards a circular economy. This study focuses on the synthesis of polar, amphoteric, amine‐oxide surfactants starting from biomass‐derived monosaccharides and demonstrating their potential in various applications. The synthesis involved a reductive amination of the sugars with an alkylamine and formaldehyde followed by oxidation to produce N‐oxide surfactants. These bio‐based surfactants exhibited promising properties, including high solubility, foamability, surface tension reduction, and critical micelle concentration. In particular, N‐GalA1.10 and N‐GalA1.12 showed comparable performance to commercial surfactants. Furthermore, these bio‐based surfactants demonstrated significantly lower skin irritation potential when compared to petrochemical‐derived counterparts like sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), making them potentially suitable for personal care products. The biodegradability assessment revealed that N‐GalA1.12 exhibited good biodegradation, indicating its potential environmental compatibility. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of bio‐based N‐oxide surfactants derived from monosaccharides as sustainable and skin‐friendly alternatives to traditional amphoteric surfactants, like cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB)

中文翻译：

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生物基两性表面活性剂的合成及性能

随着全球表面活性剂市场不断扩大，在向循环经济转型的过程中，开发生物基替代品的需求越来越大。本研究的重点是从生物质衍生的单糖合成极性、两性、氧化胺表面活性剂，并展示其在各种应用中的潜力。该合成涉及用烷基胺和甲醛对糖进行还原胺化，然后氧化生成氮氧化物表面活性剂。这些生物基表面活性剂表现出有前景的特性，包括高溶解度、发泡性、表面张力降低和临界胶束浓度。特别是，N-GalA1.10 和 N-GalA1.12 表现出与商业表面活性剂相当的性能。此外，与月桂醇聚醚硫酸钠 (SLES) 等石化衍生表面活性剂相比，这些生物基表面活性剂的皮肤刺激潜力显着降低，这使得它们可能适用于个人护理产品。生物降解性评估表明N-GalA1.12表现出良好的生物降解性，表明其潜在的环境相容性。总之，这项研究强调了源自单糖的生物基氮氧化物表面活性剂作为传统两性表面活性剂（如椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱（CAPB））的可持续且对皮肤友好的替代品的潜力