Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is a kind of sustainable and eco-friendly method of water treatment to alleviate the global water crisis. Here we demonstrate a novel sandwiched solar interfacial evaporator integrating phase change material (PCM), sodium alginate hydrogel (SA), and NiCoO nanoflower featuring superb evaporation and glorious thermal energy management to achieve efficient energy utilization and long-term evaporation stability. After being combined with filter paper, NiCoO nanoflower composites are adopted as the light absorber on the top layer, which can achieve an absorption of about 96.5 % in the full spectral range. SA hydrogel has been used as an intermediate layer for rapid water supply to the evaporation interface and to prevent salt deposition. Under one sun irradiation (1 kW m), the evaporator exhibits a high evaporation rate (1.94 kg mh) and excellent endurance in the treatment of high salt-concentration water. In particular, benefiting from the rational combination of PCM, the water production reached up to 12.13 kg m, which is 2.23 kg mhigher than that of the evaporator without PCM under natural solar irradiation for 9 h. This work presents a promising concept for maximally utilizing intermittent solar irradiation energy and prolonged salt-free deposition desalination.

中文翻译：

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夹层太阳能界面蒸发系统：集成相变材料/水凝胶/NiCo2O4纳米花，实现卓越的海水淡化

太阳能驱动的界面蒸发是一种可持续、环保的水处理方法，可以缓解全球水危机。在这里，我们展示了一种新型夹层太阳能界面蒸发器，集成了相变材料（PCM）、海藻酸钠水凝胶（SA）和NiCoO纳米花，具有卓越的蒸发和出色的热能管理，以实现高效的能源利用和长期的蒸发稳定性。与滤纸复合后，顶层采用NiCoO纳米花复合材料作为光吸收剂，在全光谱范围内可实现约96.5%的吸收。 SA水凝胶被用作中间层，用于向蒸发界面快速供水并防止盐沉积。在一次太阳照射（1 kW·m）下，蒸发器表现出较高的蒸发率（1.94 kg·m·h），并且在处理高盐浓度水方面具有优异的耐久性。特别是得益于PCM的合理组合，在自然太阳照射9 h的情况下，产水量高达12.13 kg·m，比不含PCM的蒸发器高2.23 kg·m。这项工作提出了一个有前途的概念，即最大限度地利用间歇性太阳辐射能和长期无盐沉积海水淡化。