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Household-scale digesters in Rwanda: Performance analysis and net-greenhouse gas effect
Journal of Cleaner Production ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142492 Laurence Strubbe , Aaron Dierickx , Bruno Verbist , Anthony Denayer , Eveline I.P. Volcke
Journal of Cleaner Production ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142492 Laurence Strubbe , Aaron Dierickx , Bruno Verbist , Anthony Denayer , Eveline I.P. Volcke
In view of climate change mitigation, the production of biogas through anaerobic digestion has emerged as a prominent renewable fuel source, also in developing countries. The implementation of household-scale digesters in these regions is instrumental in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 7 of ensuring clean and affordable energy. However, a rigorous quantification of the biogas production and net-greenhouse gas effect of these household digesters, taking into account fuel use, biogas leakage and fertiliser types, is lacking. This study quantified both biogas production and net-greenhouse gas emissions, utilizing Rwanda as a reference region. Through a field survey, biogas measurements, and model simulations, the study revealed that a reference case featuring a fixed dome digester of 4 m, fed with manure of on average 2 cows produces 0.38 m biogas.d which meets 65% of the cooking need of an average family of 4 adults and 2 children. The addition of a toilet to the household-scale digester increased the daily biogas production by 16%. Conversely, the use of a bare soil floor in the cow shed results in a 28% reduction in biogas production, emphasizing the recommendation for a concrete floor. Net-greenhouse gas emissions from a household-scale digester, including an estimated 9% leak percentage, result in a reduction of 2.4 t.year per household compared to wood-only cooking. Besides, using the digestate as a fertiliser further enhances the reduction to a total of 2.5 t.year. The main opportunities for minimizing emissions include optimizing temperature, manure flow and reducing leakages, which needs to be considered during design, operation, and policy formulation. In summary, household-scale digesters provide sustainable waste management, renewable energy, and significant greenhouse gas emission reduction, making them a promising technology for decentralized energy solutions in developing regions.
更新日期：2024-05-07
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