Pet food have been considered as possible vehicles of bacterial pathogens. The sudden boom of the pet food industry due to the worldwide increase in companion animal ownership calls for pet food investigations. Herein, this study aimed to determine the frequency, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and molecular characteristics of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in different pet food brands in Brazil. Eighty-six pet food packages were screened for CoNS. All isolates were identified at species level by MALDI-TOF MS and species-specific PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion and broth microdilution (vancomycin and teicoplanin only) methods. The D-test was used to screen for inducible clindamycin phenotype (MLS-B). SCC typing and detection of , , , and virulence-encoding genes were done by PCR. A total of 16 (18.6 %) CoNS isolates were recovered from pet food samples. Isolates were generally multidrug-resistant (MDR). All isolates were completely resistant (100 %) to penicillin. Resistances (12.5 % - 75 %) were also observed for fluoroquinolones, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline, rifampicin, erythromycin, and tobramycin. Isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (MICs <0.25–1 μg/mL) and teicoplanin (MICs <0.25–4 μg/mL). Intriguingly, 3/8 (37.5 %) CoNS isolates with the ERYCLI antibiotype expressed MLS-B phenotype. All isolates harboured Z gene. Seven (43.8 %) isolates carried ; and among them, the SCC Type III was the most frequent ( = 5/7; 71.4 %). Isolates also harboured , , , , , , , , and toxin virulence-encoding genes (6.3 % - 25 %). A total of 12/16 (75 %) isolates were biofilm producers, while the gene was detected in an isolate. Herein, it is shown that pet food is a potential source of clinically important Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of MLS-B phenotype and MR-CoNS in pet food in Latin America.

中文翻译：

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从巴西宠物食品中回收的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌分离株对甲氧西林和克林霉素的共同耐药性

宠物食品被认为是细菌病原体的可能载体。由于全球范围内伴侣动物拥有量的增加，宠物食品行业的突然繁荣要求对宠物食品进行调查。本研究旨在确定巴西不同宠物食品品牌中凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌 (CoNS) 的频率、抗菌药物敏感性特征和分子特征。对 86 个宠物食品包装进行了 CoNS 筛查。所有分离株均通过 MALDI-TOF MS 和物种特异性 PCR 在物种水平上进行鉴定。通过纸片扩散和肉汤微量稀释（仅万古霉素和替考拉宁）方法进行抗菌药物敏感性测试。 D-测试用于筛选诱导型克林霉素表型（MLS-B）。通过 PCR 进行 SCC 分型和 、 、 、 和毒力编码基因的检测。从宠物食品样品中总共回收了 16 种 (18.6%) CoNS 分离株。分离株通常具有多重耐药性（MDR）。所有分离株对青霉素完全耐药（100%）。还观察到氟喹诺酮类药物、磺胺甲恶唑-甲氧苄啶、四环素、利福平、红霉素和妥布霉素的耐药性（12.5% - 75%）。分离株对万古霉素（MIC <0.25–1 μg/mL）和替考拉宁（MIC <0.25–4 μg/mL）敏感。有趣的是，3/8 (37.5%) 具有 ERYCLI 抗体型的 CoNS 分离株表达了 MLS-B 表型。所有分离株均携带 Z 基因。携带七株（43.8%）分离株；其中，III 型 SCC 最为常见（= 5/7；71.4%）。分离株还含有 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 和毒素毒力编码基因 (6.3 % - 25 %)。总共 12/16 (75%) 的分离株是生物膜产生者，而在分离株中检测到该基因。本文表明，宠物食品是临床上重要的革兰氏阳性细菌病原体的潜在来源。据我们所知，这是拉丁美洲宠物食品中首次报告 MLS-B 表型和 MR-CoNS。