The regenerative treatment of infectious vertical bone defects remains difficult and challenging today. Current clinical treatments are limited in their ability to control bacteria and infection, which is unfavorable for new bone formation and calls for a new type of material with excellent osteogenic and antibacterial properties. Here a multifunctional scaffold is synthesized that mimics natural bone nanostructures by incorporating silver nanowires into a hierarchical, intrafibrillar mineralized collagen matrix (IMC/AgNWs), to achieve the therapeutic goals of inhibiting bacterial activity and promoting infectious alveolar bone augmentation in rats and beagle dogs. An appropriate concentration of 0.5 mg mL−1 AgNWs is selected to balance biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. The achieved IMC/AgNWs exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial properties against Gram‐negative Porphyromonas gingivalis and Gram‐positive Streptococcus mutans. When the IMC/AgNWs are cocultured with periodontal ligament stem cells, it possesses excellent osteoinductive activities under both non‐inflammatory and inflammatory conditions. By constructing a rat mandibular infected periodontal defect model, the IMC/AgNWs achieve a near‐complete healing through the canonical BMP/Smad signaling. Moreover, the IMC/AgNWs enhance vertical bone height and osseointegration in peri‐implantitis in beagle dogs, indicating the clinical translational potential of IMC/AgNWs for infectious vertical bone augmentation.

中文翻译：

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用于感染性垂直骨增量的仿生多功能支架

如今，感染性垂直骨缺损的再生治疗仍然困难且具有挑战性。目前的临床治疗方法对细菌和感染的控制能力有限，不利于新骨的形成，需要一种具有优异成骨和抗菌性能的新型材料。这里合成了一种多功能支架，通过将银纳米线纳入分层的纤维内矿化胶原基质（IMC/AgNW）来模仿天然骨纳米结构，以实现抑制细菌活性和促进大鼠和比格犬感染性牙槽骨增大的治疗目标。适当浓度为 0.5 mg mL−1选择 AgNW 是为了平衡生物相容性和抗菌特性。所实现的 IMC/AgNW 对革兰氏阴性菌表现出广泛的抗菌特性牙龈卟啉单胞菌和革兰氏阳性变形链球菌。当IMC/AgNW与牙周膜干细胞共培养时，它在非炎症和炎症条件下都具有优异的骨诱导活性。通过构建大鼠下颌感染牙周缺损模型，IMC/AgNW 通过规范的 BMP/Smad 信号传导实现近乎完全的愈合。此外，IMC/AgNW 增强了比格犬种植体周围炎的垂直骨高度和骨整合，表明 IMC/AgNW 在感染性垂直骨增量方面具有临床转化潜力。