Large ensembles of laser-cooled atoms interacting through infinite-range photon-mediated interactions are powerful platforms for quantum simulation and sensing. Here we realize momentum-exchange interactions in which pairs of atoms exchange their momentum states by collective emission and absorption of photons from a common cavity mode, a process equivalent to a spin-exchange or XX collective Heisenberg interaction. The momentum-exchange interaction leads to an observed all-to-all Ising-like interaction in a matter-wave interferometer. A many-body energy gap also emerges, effectively binding interferometer matter-wave packets together to suppress Doppler dephasing in analogy to Mössbauer spectroscopy. The tunable momentum-exchange interaction expands the capabilities of quantum interaction–enhanced matter-wave interferometry and may enable the realization of exotic behaviors, including simulations of superconductors and dynamical gauge fields.

中文翻译：

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布拉格原子干涉仪中的动量交换相互作用抑制多普勒相移

通过无限范围光子介导的相互作用相互作用的大型激光冷却原子集合是量子模拟和传感的强大平台。在这里，我们实现了动量交换相互作用，其中原子对通过从公共腔模式集体发射和吸收光子来交换动量状态，这一过程相当于自旋交换或 XX 集体海森堡相互作用。动量交换相互作用导致在物质波干涉仪中观察到所有到所有的类伊辛相互作用。多体能隙也出现，有效地将干涉仪物质波包结合在一起，以抑制多普勒相移，类似于穆斯堡尔光谱。可调谐动量交换相互作用扩展了量子相互作用增强物质波干涉测量的能力，并可能实现奇异行为，包括超导体和动态规范场的模拟。