Controlling ultracold atoms with laser light has greatly advanced quantum science. The wavelength of light sets a typical length scale for most experiments to the order of 500 nanometers (nm) or greater. In this work, we implemented a super-resolution technique that localizes and arranges atoms on a sub–50-nm scale, without any fundamental limit in resolution. We demonstrate this technique by creating a bilayer of dysprosium atoms and observing dipolar interactions between two physically separated layers through interlayer sympathetic cooling and coupled collective excitations. At 50-nm distance, dipolar interactions are 1000 times stronger than at 500 nm. For two atoms in optical tweezers, this should enable purely magnetic dipolar gates with kilohertz speed.

中文翻译：

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50 nm 尺度的原子物理：偶极原子双层系统的实现

用激光控制超冷原子极大地推进了量子科学。光的波长将大多数实验的典型长度尺度设置为 500 纳米 (nm) 或更大的量级。在这项工作中，我们实现了一种超分辨率技术，可以在亚 50 纳米尺度上定位和排列原子，而分辨率没有任何基本限制。我们通过创建镝原子双层并通过层间交感冷却和耦合集体激发观察两个物理分离层之间的偶极相互作用来演示这项技术。在 50 nm 距离处，偶极相互作用比 500 nm 处强 1000 倍。对于光镊中的两个原子，这应该能够实现具有千赫兹速度的纯磁偶极门。