Aircraft noise exposure is linked to cardiovascular disease risk. One understudied candidate pathway is obesity. This study investigates the association between aircraft noise and obesity among female participants in two prospective Nurses’ Health Study (NHS and NHSII) cohorts. Aircraft day-night average sound levels (DNL) were estimated at participant residential addresses from modeled 1 dB (dB) noise contours above 44 dB for 90 United States (U.S.) airports in 5-year intervals 1995–2010. Biennial surveys (1994–2017) provided information on body mass index (BMI; dichotomized, categorical) and other individual characteristics. Change in BMI from age 18 (BMI18; tertiles) was also calculated. Aircraft noise exposures were dichotomized (45, 55 dB), categorized (<45, 45–54, ≥55 dB) or continuous for exposure ≥45 dB. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression using generalized estimating equations were adjusted for individual characteristics and neighborhood socioeconomic status, greenness, population density, and environmental noise. Effect modification was assessed by U.S. Census region, climate boundary, airline hub type, hearing loss, and smoking status. At baseline, the 74,848 female participants averaged 50.1 years old, with 83.0%, 14.8%, and 2.2% exposed to <45, 45–54, and ≥55 dB of aircraft noise, respectively. In fully adjusted models, exposure ≥55 dB was associated with 11% higher odds (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: −1%, 24%) of BMIs ≥30.0, and 15% higher odds (95%CI: 3%, 29%) of membership in the highest tertile of BMI18 (ΔBMI 6.7 to 71.6). Less-pronounced associations were observed for the 2nd tertile of BMI18 (ΔBMI 2.9 to 6.6) and BMI 25.0–29.9 as well as exposures ≥45 versus <45 dB. There was evidence of DNL-BMI trends (p ≤ 0.02). Stronger associations were observed among participants living in the West, arid climate areas, and among former smokers. In two nationwide cohorts of female nurses, higher aircraft noise exposure was associated with higher BMI, adding evidence to an aircraft noise-obesity-disease pathway.

中文翻译：

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居住在美国 90 个机场附近的两个护士健康研究前瞻性队列中女性参与者的飞机噪音暴露和体重指数


飞机噪音暴露与心血管疾病风险有关。一种未被充分研究的候选途径是肥胖。本研究调查了两个前瞻性护士健康研究（NHS 和 NHSII）队列中女性参与者的飞机噪音与肥胖之间的关联。根据 1995 年至 2010 年 5 年期间美国 90 个机场高于 44 dB 的 1 dB (dB) 噪声等值线模型，估算了参与者居住地址的飞机昼夜平均声级 (DNL)。两年一次的调查（1994-2017）提供了有关体重指数（BMI；二分、分类）和其他个人特征的信息。还计算了 18 岁时 BMI 的变化（BMI18；三分位数）。飞机噪声暴露分为两类（45、55 dB）、分类（<45、45–54、≥55 dB）或连续暴露≥45 dB。使用广义估计方程的多变量多项式逻辑回归根据个体特征和社区社会经济地位、绿化程度、人口密度和环境噪音进行调整。效果修正根据美国人口普查地区、气候边界、航空枢纽类型、听力损失和吸烟状况进行评估。在基线时，74,848 名女性参与者的平均年龄为 50.1 岁，其中分别有 83.0%、14.8% 和 2.2% 暴露于 <45、45-54 和 ≥55 dB 的飞机噪音。在完全调整的模型中，暴露 ≥55 dB 与 BMI ≥30.0 的几率升高 11%（95% 置信区间 [95%CI]：−1%, 24%）相关，与 BMI ≥30.0 的几率升高 15%（95%CI：3 %、29%）的 BMI18 最高三分位成员（ΔBMI 6.7 至 71.6）。对于 BMI18（ΔBMI 2.9 至 6.6）和 BMI 25.0-29.9 的第二个三分位以及暴露 ≥45 与 <45 dB 的情况，观察到不太明显的关联。有证据表明 DNL-BMI 趋势 (p ≤ 0.02)。 生活在西方、干旱气候地区的参与者以及曾经吸烟者之间的关联性更强。在两个全国范围内的女护士队列中，较高的飞机噪音暴露与较高的体重指数相关，这为飞机噪音-肥胖-疾病途径增加了证据。